How often should you complete the whole observation cycle of looking ahead, scanning side to side and checking your mirrors?
BC Class 7: Observation and hazard perception
Scanning ahead, behind and at intersections, mirror and shoulder checks, blind spots, hazard perception, assessing risk and choosing a solution.
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- 21 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: Learn to Drive Smart (ICBC, March 2026 edition), Ch. 5 See-think-do — See: observation, hazard perception; Think, pp. 59–67
All 21 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
How often should you complete the whole observation cycle of looking ahead, scanning side to side and checking your mirrors?
- Every 12 to 15 seconds
- Every 20 to 30 seconds
- Every one to two seconds
- Every five to eight seconds
Where are the most dangerous blind spots on a typical car?
- Directly in front of the hood
- To the sides of the vehicle
- Directly behind the bumper
- Underneath the rear-view mirror
Why are loose gravel, icy patches and large puddles treated as hazards?
- They make sirens harder to hear
- They can reduce traction and steering control
- They make road signs harder to read
- They mostly affect your fuel economy and tire wear
You're driving on a city street. How far ahead should you be scanning?
- One to two blocks
- Half a block
- Just to the car in front
- Three to four blocks
When doing a shoulder check, how far should you look over your shoulder?
- Only as far as the side mirror
- At least 15 degrees
- At least 45 degrees
- At least 90 degrees
You're entering a sharp curve on a two-lane highway and can't see far ahead. No one else is around. What's the sensible response?
- Speed up to get through it quickly
- Drive on the shoulder through the curve
- Keep your speed and sound the horn
- Slow down a little and stay cautious
In the see-think-do strategy, what happens during the 'think' step?
- You pick the most dangerous hazard and a safe solution
- You steer, brake or signal to avoid trouble
- You scan the road around you for hazards
- You check your mirrors and blind spots
Why should you never pass when you are approaching the top of a hill?
- Passing is only legal on downgrades
- You can't see hazards over the crest
- Your engine loses power going uphill
- Oncoming drivers must yield to you
Your new car has blind spot detectors and a back-up camera. How does that change your shoulder checks?
- You can skip them on highways and freeways
- You only need them when backing
- It doesn't; you still turn and look
- You only need them after dark
You're about to pull away from the right-hand curb into traffic. Which mirror shows whether cars are coming up from behind?
- The left side-view mirror
- Only the rear-view mirror
- The right side-view mirror
- Only the back-up camera
What does the warning 'don't overdrive your ability to see' mean?
- Be able to stop within the distance you can see
- Keep your eyes fixed on the road just ahead
- Use your high beams whenever it is dark out
- Never drive faster than the vehicle ahead of you
You've stopped at a stop sign but bushes block your view of the cross street. What should you do next?
- Wait for a driver to wave you on
- Creep forward slowly until you can see
- Go quickly before any traffic arrives
- Honk, then drive straight through
Your car has been sitting in the driveway for several hours and you need to back out. What does the guide suggest first?
- Walk around the back to check the path
- Tap the horn twice, then reverse
- Rely on the back-up camera alone to back out
- Turn on your hazard lights first
Coming around a curve you face a car cutting in, an oncoming truck and a branch on the road. What should you figure out first?
- Which hazard appeared first
- Which hazard is the most dangerous
- Which hazard is closest to your car
- Which driver is breaking the law
On the highway, looking at least 12 seconds ahead means watching roughly how far down the road?
- About 100 metres
- Half a kilometre
- About 50 metres
- About two kilometres
Before you start reversing out of a parking spot, what kind of check should you do?
- A 360-degree check around the car
- A look over your right shoulder
- A quick look in the rear-view mirror
- A glance at the back-up camera
As you approach an intersection, in what order should you scan the road you're about to cross?
- Right, centre, left, then right again
- Left, centre, right, then left again
- Centre, then left, then right only
- Left, then right, then straight ahead
What is a 'space conflict'?
- Two road users trying to use the same space at once
- A car parked too far from the curb
- Two vehicles side by side on a highway
- A car taking up two parking stalls
According to ICBC data in the guide, about what share of all B.C. crashes happen at intersections?
- Almost 60 per cent
- Almost 80 per cent
- About 25 per cent
- About 40 per cent
Visibility behind you is limited as you prepare to back up. What can you do to warn others?
- Give a quick tap on the horn
- Roll down your window and shout
- Turn on your left signal
- Flash your high beams twice
In the 'think' part of see-think-do, what are the two steps for making a good decision?
- Assess the risk, then choose a solution
- Signal first, then check your mirrors
- Look ahead, then look behind you
- Slow down, then sound your horn
Observation and hazard perception: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
See-think-do
- See: scan for hazards and watch other road users and places hazards could appear.
- Think: decide which hazards are most dangerous, think of possible solutions, pick the safest.
- Do: carry out the manoeuvres that keep you and others safe.
- Good observation = looking ahead, beside and behind; hazard perception = knowing what to look for.
Observing ahead / the observation cycle
- New drivers tend to stare just in front of the vehicle and miss hazards further ahead.
- Scan at least 12 seconds ahead: about 1–2 blocks in the city, about half a kilometre on the highway.
- Scan side to side; parked cars can hide a child stepping out or a door about to open.
- Observation cycle: look well ahead, scan side to side, glance in rear-view and side mirrors; repeat the full cycle every 5–8 seconds.
- Warning: do not overdrive your ability to see — always be able to stop within the distance you can see.
- Looking ahead avoids sudden stops (which also use more fuel). Peripheral vision lets you notice things outside central vision.
Observing behind / blind spots / shoulder checks
- Look in each mirror about every 5–8 seconds.
- Rear-view mirror: check before slowing or stopping (will the cars behind be able to stop?).
- Side mirrors: use when changing road position or direction. Pulling away from the right side of the road → check the LEFT mirror. Lane change to the right → check the RIGHT mirror.
- Blind spots exist even with properly adjusted mirrors; the most dangerous ones are to the sides. Smaller blind spots also below your line of sight at front, rear and sides; size depends on vehicle shape/size.
- Blind spot detectors and back-up cameras help but do NOT replace turning your head (shoulder check / looking behind).
- Shoulder check whenever changing direction or road position (e.g., quick check right before turning right).
- Mirror check and shoulder check before opening your door to get out (cyclist or vehicle may be coming).
Making your move / backing up / intersections
- Mirrors + shoulder check before: pulling out from the side, pulling over, changing lanes, turning left or right.
- Shoulder check: look at least 45 degrees over the shoulder on the side you plan to move toward.
- Before backing, a quick warning tap on the horn if visibility is limited.
- Backing: do a 360-degree check (shoulder and mirror checks), then turn your body and look out the rear window while reversing. Extra care backing out of driveways (children, pets, pedestrians, cyclists, people in wheelchairs).
- If stopped for some time, walk around the back of the vehicle to check the path. Better: back into driveways/parking spots so you drive out forward.
- Crash fact: almost 60 per cent of B.C. crashes happen at intersections (ICBC five-year average 2009–2013).
- Approaching an intersection: look for signs/signals; scan the road being crossed left, centre, right, then left again. Oncoming left-turners may not see you. Check crosswalks you will cross.
Stopping, starting, turning; hazard perception
- Slowing to stop: check mirrors for traffic behind, then get a clear view of the intersection; if the view is blocked, move slowly forward until you can see.
- Turning: shoulder check for cyclists/others beside you, scan the intersection as you start moving, keep eyes in the direction you want to go.
- Bushes and large vehicles can block the view of an intersection.
- A hazard = anything in the driving environment that could harm you or others; hazard perception = skill of identifying them.
Space conflicts and surprises
- Space conflict: two road users try to move into the same space at the same time. Keep space margins around your vehicle.
- Examples: driver too close behind when you stop suddenly, vehicle pulling into your path, pedestrian stepping out, vehicle backing out of a driveway.
- Anything unpredictable is a hazard (surprises): car door opening for a cyclist, weaving driver, poorly loaded pickup, skateboarder who might dart out.
- Driving environment = other road users, road conditions, weather and roadside activity.
Vision blocks and poor road conditions
- Vision blocks: bus hiding pedestrians, curve or hill, large truck in the next lane, fog/rain/snow. Be very careful when you can't see the whole scene.
- Never pass when approaching the top of a hill — you can't see hazards on the other side.
- Poor road surfaces (loose gravel, ice, rain, pavement turning to gravel, wet/icy patches, large puddles) affect traction and steering.
Think: assess the risk, choose a solution
- Two-step process: 1) assess the risk, 2) choose the best solution.
- Example: entering a sharp curve on a two-lane highway with limited sight → moderate risk → slow down a little and be cautious. A car passing over a solid double yellow line into the curve raises the risk; be ready to slow or stop.
- With more than one hazard, figure out which is the most dangerous.
- Solutions (slow down, steer away, horn) all use speed control, steering, space margins and communication; predict the outcome of each.
Study the Observation and hazard perception rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Regulatory signsStop, yield and speed signs, school and playground zone signs, crosswalk signs, lane use and turn control signs, parking signs and reserved lane signs.
- Warning signs and object markersYellow diamond warning signs for curves, hills, merges, lane endings, crossings, wildlife and road hazards, plus object markers on obstructions.
- Construction, guide and railway signsOrange construction and work zone signs, information and destination signs, and railway crossing signs.
- Traffic lights and lane control signalsSteady and flashing lights, green and yellow arrows, transit priority signals and overhead lane control signals.
- Road markingsYellow and white lines, passing rules by line type, crosswalk and stop lines, reserved lane and bicycle lane markings, and painted islands.
- Your vehicle and safety equipmentSeat and head restraint adjustment, seatbelts, child car seat stages, airbags, mirrors, controls, lights, anti-lock brakes, pre-trip checks, tires and winter preparation.
- Intersections and right-of-waySignalling, controlled and uncontrolled intersections, where to stop, right-of-way at lights, stop signs and yield signs, traffic circles, roundabouts and entering a roadway.
- Lanes, turns and passingChoosing a lane, turning right and left, multiple and two-way left-turn lanes, U-turns, HOV, bus and bicycle lanes, passing, merging, freeway entrances and exits, and turning around.
- Parking rulesWhere parking is illegal, required distances from hydrants, crosswalks, stop signs and railway crossings, curb distance and hill parking.
- Speed, space and communicationSpeed limits and appropriate speeds, curves, steering, stopping distance, the two-second rule, space behind and beside, safe gaps, signals, lights and the horn.
- Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclesYielding to pedestrians, passing distance and rules for cyclists, and sharing the road with motorcycle riders and other passenger vehicles.
- Large vehicles, buses, emergency vehicles and trainsLarge vehicle blind spots, school buses, transit buses, emergency vehicles, stopped vehicles with flashing lights, construction zones, railway crossings and horses.
- Fitness to drive, distraction and attitudeVision, health and fatigue, cellphones and other devices, dangerous emotions, risk taking, peer pressure, unsafe passengers and aggression on the road.
- Alcohol, drugs and impairmentHow alcohol and drugs affect driving, blood alcohol facts, medications, illegal drugs, cannabis and combining drugs with alcohol.
- Emergency driving strategiesEmergency braking, anti-lock brakes, skid recovery, tire blowouts, brake failure and other breakdowns, animals on the road, collision avoidance and what to do at a crash.
- Weather, visibility and night drivingLoss of visibility, glare, rain, hydroplaning, deep water, ice and snow, being stranded, wind and turbulence, headlight use and overdriving your headlights.
- Graduated licensing and penaltiesLearner (L) and novice (N) stage restrictions, supervisor and passenger rules, GLP penalties, fines and penalty points, impaired driving penalties and vehicle impoundment.