Which writing style does the syllabus recommend for an objective report?
Ontario Security Guard: Notebooks, reports and statements
Keeping a notebook, the who-what-when-where-why-how of reports, using notes in court, and how to take and correct a witness statement.
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Study reference: Ontario Security Guard Study Guide (ontario.ca, October 2021), Ch. 4 Report writing — Note-taking, reports as evidence, statements
All 22 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
Which writing style does the syllabus recommend for an objective report?
- First person, with your feelings
- Casual style, with abbreviations
- Third person, no emotional terms
- Second person, addressing the reader
A witness is reluctant to give a statement. What may the guard do?
- Promise them a reward from the client
- Write the statement for them to sign
- Warn them they will be arrested
- Ask, but make no threats or promises
What is the key purpose of taking a witness statement?
- An accurate record of what the witness recalls
- To decide who pays for damage
- To replace the guard's own report
- To get the witness to admit guilt or responsibility
You make a mistake on a notebook page. What should you NOT do?
- Write as legibly as possible
- Keep entries in time order
- Tear the page out
- Spell names carefully
In a report, which question covers the names of suspects, victims and witnesses?
- What?
- How?
- Where?
- Who?
Which detail belongs in a witness statement according to good practice?
- The witness's opinion of the suspect
- The client's insurance policy number
- The guard's guess about the outcome
- The times the interview started and ended
How should entries in a guard's notebook be organized?
- Alphabetically by name
- By location only
- By importance of each event
- Chronologically
Which details about the witness belong at the start of a written statement?
- Their yearly salary and bank
- Full name, date of birth and ID
- Their favourite sports team
- Their opinion of the suspect
What should a guard emphasize when writing notebook entries?
- Colourful language to hold interest
- Personal opinions about suspects
- Abbreviations only the guard knows
- Legibility and correct spelling of names
How should the witness's account of events be written in the statement?
- Summarized in the guard's words
- Shortened to key points only
- Verbatim, word for word
- Translated into legal terms
A guard receives a subpoena about an incident from last year. What does this mean?
- They must hand over their uniform
- They owe a fine to the court
- They may be called to testify in court
- Their licence is being revoked
When should a report describe why an incident happened?
- Never, motives are irrelevant
- Only when the motive is evident
- Only if the suspect confesses
- Always, using your best guess
Who ultimately owns a security guard's work notebook?
- The police
- The client
- The guard who wrote it
- The guard's employer
What should a guard do before appearing in court?
- Carefully review all their notes
- Destroy notes no longer needed
- Discuss evidence with the accused
- Rewrite the notes more neatly
Before signing, a witness asks to remove a sentence from their statement. How is this done?
- Leave it and add a note at the end
- Use correction fluid and rewrite the sentence
- Tear out the page and start over
- Strike it through and both of you initial
Which part of a report gives the date, time and order of events from start to finish?
- Why?
- Who?
- Where?
- When?
What does the study guide call arguably a guard's most important tool?
- The flashlight
- The notebook
- The uniform
- The radio
You need to use the washroom during a shift at a busy front desk. What should you do with your notebook?
- Leave it open on the desk
- Hand it to a visitor to hold
- Keep it with you or secured
- Leave it under the counter
Which is a recognised type of report a guard may need to write?
- A use of force report
- A performance review of the client
- A social media post
- A press release
What does the closing paragraph of a witness statement usually confirm?
- The guard's opinion of the case
- That the suspect is surely guilty
- The witness finds it accurate
- That police have approved it
What should a security report contain?
- Personal feelings about the people involved
- Guesses about motives
- Opinions and assumptions
- Facts and observations
How should a guard use their notes while testifying in court?
- Hand them to the judge instead of testifying
- Never bring them to court
- Read every entry aloud from the start
- As a memory aid, without reading word for word
Notebooks, reports and statements: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Note-taking
- The notebook is arguably a guard's most important tool; daily account of events.
- Keep it neat, chronological, not tampered with; never tear out pages (looks like removing information).
- Accuracy and transparency reflect the guard's integrity and reliability.
- Guard keeps it secure (never unattended where the public can reach it), but the notebook is ultimately the employer's property; write legibly, spell names and locations accurately.
Report content
- Stick to facts and observations, not opinions or assumptions.
- Answer: who (suspects, victims, complainants, witnesses), what (what happened, what each person did, evidence), when (time, date, sequence start to finish), where (location, where each person was, where evidence found), why (motives if evident), how (how it happened, how each person acted).
Report writing
- Types of reports: incident, use of force, witness statements.
- Elements: date, time, location, actions/behaviours, descriptions of individuals, observations, time of completion.
- Objective report: factual, written in third person, no emotional terms, no introspection, clear and concise.
- Legal implications: needed for audits or as evidence in court; confidentiality; care in distribution (e.g. problems emailing confidential reports).
Reports as evidence
- Guards may be subpoenaed to testify; keep thorough, accurate notes.
- On the stand the guard may be permitted to refer to notes, but notes are a memory aid only — should not have to read straight from them.
- Review all notes carefully before court.
Statements
- Purpose: accurate record of a witness's recollection.
- Taken freely, no threat or promise.
- Good practice contents: witness full name, date of birth, ID; employment and contact information; address and location of statement; date of interview; time started and ended; name of guard and company; introduction paragraph; verbatim (word for word) account; closing paragraph.
- Witness reviews the statement and may ask for changes before signing.
- Correction: draw a line through the removed item; both witness and guard initial at the beginning and end of the correction.
Study the Notebooks, reports and statements rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- PSISA and getting licensedWho needs a security guard licence under the Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005, the eligibility rules (age 18, clean criminal record, right to work, training and testing), licence types, term, fees, renewals and the Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check.
- Licence rules, uniforms and equipmentCarrying and producing your licence, the uniform rules (SECURITY lettering, ID tag, no chevrons, no black or navy collared shirts), banned words such as officer and police, equipment rules for batons, handcuffs and firearms, and the penalties for breaking the Act.
- Code of Conduct and public complaintsThe duties and prohibitions in the ministry Code of Conduct (O. Reg. 363/07), what counts as a breach, and how public complaints to the Registrar are filed, facilitated and resolved.
- Duties, access, crowd and traffic controlThe core role of a guard (observe, deter, record, report), access control and visitor logs, removal of materials, crowd control factors, traffic control on private property, shift handover and dealing with people under the influence of drugs.
- Patrols and surveillancePlanning a patrol, foot patrol, vehicle patrol and fixed surveillance, with the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the situational awareness skills the syllabus expects.
- Health and safety, WHMISWHMIS responsibilities and emergency steps for hazardous materials, and the Occupational Health and Safety Act duties of workers and the right to refuse unsafe work.
- Emergency response, fire and alarmsTypes of emergencies, a guard's role set by the employer or client, fire prevention checks, the main types of intrusion alarm, safe alarm response and duty of care at a crime scene.
- Emergency level first aidWhy emergency level first aid certification is required before the test, what the course covers, the goals of first aid and a guard's extra duties at a casualty scene.
- Canadian legal system and evidenceCriminal, provincial and municipal law, the courts, the six core steps for containing evidence and how to keep a chain of custody that will stand up in court.
- Trespass to Property ActOccupiers and their agents, the three ways to commit trespass, giving notice by voice, writing, signs or red and yellow markings, the $10,000 maximum fine and the power to arrest and hand over to police.
- Arrest powers and other lawsWhy guards have only citizen's powers, arrest under Criminal Code section 494 (indictable offences, property owners and their agents, fresh pursuit), delivering a prisoner to police, and privacy laws such as PIPEDA.
- Use of force theoryCriminal Code sections 25, 26, 27, 34 and 35, the National Use of Force Model, excited delirium and positional asphyxia, and restraint rules.
- Effective communication and 10 codesClear and concise communication, non-verbal cues, tone and volume, being assertive without being confrontational, and the APCO ten codes listed in the study guide.
- Sensitivity and human rightsRecognising your own biases, the Ontario Human Rights Code and Code of Conduct duty to treat everyone equally, and serving people with disabilities.