Why should a guard vary the timing and route of patrols?
Ontario Security Guard: Patrols and surveillance
Planning a patrol, foot patrol, vehicle patrol and fixed surveillance, with the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the situational awareness skills the syllabus expects.
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- Every answer explained
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- 18 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: Ontario Security Guard Study Guide (ontario.ca, October 2021), Ch. 3 Basic security procedures — Patrolling, foot patrol, vehicle patrol, surveillance
All 18 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
Why should a guard vary the timing and route of patrols?
- So the logbook looks more complete
- So patrols are not predictable
- So the guard visits fewer areas
- So the patrol takes less time
What is another name for surveillance as a non-mobile patrol?
- A random or roving patrol
- A perimeter or fence patrol
- A fixed or visual patrol
- A mobile or vehicle patrol
Why should you plan alternate patrol routes in advance?
- Alternate routes are always shorter
- Supervisors check your route variety in weekly audits
- Areas may be blocked by fire or a chemical leak
- Clients like to see longer reports
Before patrolling a new site, which locations should a guard learn?
- Water shut-offs, alarm panels and extinguishers
- Staff lunch rooms, vending machines and break lounges
- Managers' homes and phone numbers
- Nearby restaurants and coffee shops
Which is an advantage of a fixed guard station at an entrance?
- The guard can respond anywhere quickly
- Cameras can never be defeated
- Fewer guards are needed to contain the area
- The guard can use every sense
Why might a guard in a sealed vehicle cab miss a danger that a foot patrol would catch?
- They may not smell hazardous fumes
- They cannot see parking lots
- They cannot use a radio
- They cannot leave the vehicle
Which is an advantage of vehicle patrol?
- Easy access to stairwells
- Engine noise helps detect intruders
- Faster response to other areas of the site
- All five senses are fully used
When choosing an emergency route on your site, which route is best?
- The route closest to the parking lot
- The simplest, most direct route with fewest hazards
- The route the public normally uses
- The longest route, so you pass every checkpoint on site
Which is a listed disadvantage of foot patrol?
- It needs a working vehicle
- It uses only one sense
- It is difficult to supervise
- It is not very visible
On your first round you check for intruders; on the second you check machine safety guards. What does this show?
- Each site may have only one purpose for all patrols
- A patrol's purpose can change within a shift
- The guard is patrolling incorrectly
- Safety checks belong to maintenance
What must a guard check before starting a vehicle patrol?
- That the doors are left unlocked
- That the radio is turned off
- That the vehicle is working properly
- That the client has signed out
Which is an advantage of foot patrol over vehicle patrol?
- Covers large areas quickly
- Protection from bad weather
- Access to small spaces like stairwells
- Easy to carry lots of equipment and supplies
What is the most common method of patrol in the security industry?
- Drone patrol
- Foot patrol
- Bicycle patrol
- Vehicle patrol
Which is a disadvantage of fixed surveillance using cameras?
- Blind spots will exist despite planning
- More guards are needed on site at all times
- Access is harder to control
- The guard is easy to attack
At the start of a shift you complete an initial walk-through check. What does this give you?
- Proof the client owes overtime
- A reason to lock every door
- A benchmark for later observations
- Permission to skip later rounds
What is the main purpose of a security patrol?
- To meet the client's staff socially
- To log as many steps as possible
- To maintain the security of the premises
- To find reasons to make arrests
Which listed disadvantage of fixed surveillance relates to the guard's senses?
- It depends on hearing alarms only
- It relies on vision alone
- It uses all five senses
- It needs the guard to smell fumes
Which is a disadvantage of vehicle patrol listed in the study guide?
- It has the lowest visibility
- Engine noise may alert others to security
- It offers no weather protection
- It cannot reach the perimeter fences or the gates
Patrols and surveillance: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Patrolling
- Main purpose: maintain security of the premises under the guard's authority. Start with understanding the patrol's purpose (keep intruders away, help confused members of the public, check boilers/equipment).
- Purpose may change during a shift: e.g. first round intruders, second round safety equipment, third round intruders again.
- Know the geography: telephones, water shut-off valves, electrical and alarm panels, light switches, emergency lighting; emergency equipment (generators, first aid kits, fire alarms, hydrants, extinguishers).
- Best emergency route: simplest, most direct, fewest hazards.
- Plan route in advance with a map of checkpoints, passageways, rooms, stairwells, doors, windows; plan alternate routes for fire, explosion or chemical leak.
- Vary timing and route so patrols are not routine or predictable. Bring proper equipment and clothing.
Foot patrol
- Most common patrol method; used where motorized patrol or electronic surveillance cannot give the same coverage. All senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch) may be used.
- Advantages: highly visible; knowledge of area patterns helps anticipate incidents; all senses used; can reach small spaces such as stairwells.
- Disadvantages: restricted mobility/coverage; time; bad weather; hard to carry equipment (reports, forms, first-aid kits); communication problems without radio/phone; foot patrols hard to supervise.
Vehicle patrol
- Covers areas too large for foot; vehicles often in constant contact with a dispatcher; covers parking lots, storage yards, perimeter fence lines.
- Guard must check the vehicle works properly before patrol.
- Advantages: highly visible; large areas faster; faster response; carry more equipment; protection from weather.
- Disadvantages: restricted to roads/paths; vision partly restricted; weather; engine noise masks sounds or alerts others; sealed cabs may hide dangers such as fumes.
Surveillance (non-mobile patrol)
- Also called visual or fixed patrol; with technology the guard stays stationary but watches a specific area (entrance/exit, cameras, mirrors, fences).
- Advantages: access and egress readily controlled; hard for someone to physically attack the guard; visible station/cameras deter; fewer guards needed.
- Disadvantages: cameras and fences can be defeated; blind spots exist; equipment may fail, especially in bad weather; long concentration on one area; relies on one sense (vision); response may be limited to calling police/internal personnel, especially when monitoring off-site.
Surveillance
- Focus: decision-making, recognizing patterns (situational awareness), observing minor but critical details, recognizing typicality and detecting anomalies, improvising, adapting, prioritizing.
- Completing initial checks establishes a benchmark for later observations; use all five senses.
Other topics
- PSISA and getting licensedWho needs a security guard licence under the Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005, the eligibility rules (age 18, clean criminal record, right to work, training and testing), licence types, term, fees, renewals and the Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check.
- Licence rules, uniforms and equipmentCarrying and producing your licence, the uniform rules (SECURITY lettering, ID tag, no chevrons, no black or navy collared shirts), banned words such as officer and police, equipment rules for batons, handcuffs and firearms, and the penalties for breaking the Act.
- Code of Conduct and public complaintsThe duties and prohibitions in the ministry Code of Conduct (O. Reg. 363/07), what counts as a breach, and how public complaints to the Registrar are filed, facilitated and resolved.
- Duties, access, crowd and traffic controlThe core role of a guard (observe, deter, record, report), access control and visitor logs, removal of materials, crowd control factors, traffic control on private property, shift handover and dealing with people under the influence of drugs.
- Notebooks, reports and statementsKeeping a notebook, the who-what-when-where-why-how of reports, using notes in court, and how to take and correct a witness statement.
- Health and safety, WHMISWHMIS responsibilities and emergency steps for hazardous materials, and the Occupational Health and Safety Act duties of workers and the right to refuse unsafe work.
- Emergency response, fire and alarmsTypes of emergencies, a guard's role set by the employer or client, fire prevention checks, the main types of intrusion alarm, safe alarm response and duty of care at a crime scene.
- Emergency level first aidWhy emergency level first aid certification is required before the test, what the course covers, the goals of first aid and a guard's extra duties at a casualty scene.
- Canadian legal system and evidenceCriminal, provincial and municipal law, the courts, the six core steps for containing evidence and how to keep a chain of custody that will stand up in court.
- Trespass to Property ActOccupiers and their agents, the three ways to commit trespass, giving notice by voice, writing, signs or red and yellow markings, the $10,000 maximum fine and the power to arrest and hand over to police.
- Arrest powers and other lawsWhy guards have only citizen's powers, arrest under Criminal Code section 494 (indictable offences, property owners and their agents, fresh pursuit), delivering a prisoner to police, and privacy laws such as PIPEDA.
- Use of force theoryCriminal Code sections 25, 26, 27, 34 and 35, the National Use of Force Model, excited delirium and positional asphyxia, and restraint rules.
- Effective communication and 10 codesClear and concise communication, non-verbal cues, tone and volume, being assertive without being confrontational, and the APCO ten codes listed in the study guide.
- Sensitivity and human rightsRecognising your own biases, the Ontario Human Rights Code and Code of Conduct duty to treat everyone equally, and serving people with disabilities.