How long must an owner keep records of modifications made to an advanced-category drone?
Drone Advanced Exam (RPAS): SFOC applications, payloads, records and occurrences
When and how to apply for an SFOC—RPAS, lead times and risk assessment, events, payloads and lasers, records, occurrence analysis, TSB investigations, tethered drones and site safety.
- No sign-up
- Every answer explained
- Independent · not a government site
- 14 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: TC drone rules: CARs Part IX and TC AIM RPA chapter (Oct 2026), Ch. 10 Operations and risk — CARs 901.43, 901.48–901.49, 903.01–903.03; AIM RPA 3.2.29–3.2.38, 3.6
All 14 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
How long must an owner keep records of modifications made to an advanced-category drone?
- 6 months
- For the drone's whole life
- 12 months
- 24 months
An incident happens during a flight under an SFOC—RPAS. How is it reported to TC?
- With the RPAS Aviation Occurrence Reporting Form
- Only in the operator's next annual tax return
- Only by phone to the nearest airport's manager
- It never needs to be reported to anyone at all
Which safety equipment does TP 15263 list for a drone work site?
- A megaphone and a flag for each guest
- A metal detector and a rain gauge
- A spare set of car keys and a tent
- A fire extinguisher and a first aid kit
Which occurrence will the TSB investigate?
- A 40 kg drone accident
- A battery fire while charging
- A microdrone hitting a fence
- A 2 kg drone lost at sea
When is an SFOC for a special aviation event needed for a drone?
- Only when the event has more than 50,000 spectators
- Whenever a drone is flown within 5 NM of any airshow
- Only if the drone flies higher than 400 ft above ground
- When the drone performs in the event, as in a drone show
An SFOC application includes two medium-complexity operations. How is it treated?
- As a single medium-complexity application
- As two separate low-complexity applications
- As a high-complexity application
- As very-low complexity because they repeat
Which payload requires an SFOC—RPAS?
- A spotlight within the manuals
- Flammable or explosive material
- A standard gimbal camera
- A slung load per the manuals
How far ahead must a low-complexity SFOC—RPAS application be submitted?
- At least 5 working days before the operation
- At least 10 working days before the operation
- At least 30 working days before the operation
- At least 6 months before the operation
What distance from people does TC suggest as best practice for a tethered drone?
- Half the tether's length
- The tether length minus 5 m
- The tether length plus at least 5 m
- Exactly 30 m in every case
A drone hovers on a power tether without being navigated, boosting a signal. How is it treated?
- As a BVLOS flight needing a Level 1 Complex pilot
- As a medium RPA needing a 922.08 declaration first
- As a microdrone with no rules that apply to it
- Not as an RPA under Part IX, but as an obstruction
Your drone carries a Class 3B laser scanner. What must you do before flying?
- Only tell the landowner where the laser will be used
- Only check NOTAMs on the morning of the flight
- Notify TC of the proposed outdoor laser operation
- Nothing, since lasers on drones are always exempt
Is liability insurance mandatory for advanced operations without an SFOC?
- No, but it is recommended
- Yes, at least $100,000
- Only for drones over 1 kg
- Yes, at least $1 million
Your drone briefly flies outside its planned operating area. What must happen before you resume?
- Report it only if a police officer happened to see it
- Analyse the cause and take corrective action
- Nothing, as long as nobody was injured by the drone
- Wait one hour, then continue as originally planned
What must accompany a medium- or high-complexity SFOC—RPAS application?
- A letter of support signed by the local mayor
- An RPAS operational risk assessment with its SAIL
- A copy of the chief pilot's university transcript
- A video of a previous flight recorded at the site
SFOC applications, payloads, records and occurrences: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
When an SFOC—RPAS is required
- Drone over 150 kg; above 400 ft AGL in uncontrolled airspace; more than 5 drones from one station in VLOS, or more than 1 in BVLOS; BVLOS outside the EVLOS/sheltered/Level 1 Complex rules; BVLOS in controlled airspace or within 5 NM of an aerodrome; persons on board; restricted payloads (weapons, hazardous goods); medium drone in adverse weather; advertised events (including microdrones); performing at a special aviation event (drone show); foreign operators or foreign-owned drones; leaving Canadian Domestic Airspace.
Applying
- Form 24-0109E with the relevant compliance checklist; guidance in AC 903-002.
- Very-low and low complexity: submit at least 30 working days before the operation. Medium and high complexity: at least 60 working days, with an operational risk assessment (AC 903-001) and its SAIL.
- Applications with an end date less than 30 working days away are not accepted; processing starts only when the application is complete.
- If several operations are in one application, the highest complexity applies; two or more medium-complexity operations count as high complexity.
- Incidents under an SFOC are reported to TC with the RPAS Aviation Occurrence Reporting Form.
Events
- Special aviation event: an SFOC is needed when the drone performs (airshow, drone show). Filming or security at the event is processed like an advertised event SFOC.
- Advertised event: SFOC needed within 100 ft of the event boundary; amusement parks count.
Payloads and lasers
- Weapons, war equipment, explosive, corrosive, flammable or biohazardous payloads need an SFOC; the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Air Transportation Regulations may also apply.
- Class 1/1M lasers (or under 1 mW / invisible beam) need no notice; other lasers need a Notice of Proposal to Conduct Outdoor Laser Operation(s) to TC (CAR 601.21), at least 30 days.
Records and occurrences
- Owner keeps flight records 12 months and maintenance/modification records 24 months; analysis records after an occurrence 12 months.
- Stop operations after a listed occurrence until the cause is analysed and corrected.
- TSB investigates: drone over 25 kg accident; death or serious injury from contact with a small drone; any drone–aircraft collision. Purpose: prevent recurrence, not blame.
Tethered drones
- A tethered drone that is not navigated horizontally is not an RPA under Part IX (obstruction rules apply instead); if it is manoeuvred on the tether, Part IX applies.
- Adding a tether is a modification and can invalidate a safety declaration. Best practice: stay at least tether length + 5 m from people.
Occupational safety
- Safety equipment on site: fire extinguisher, first aid kit; personal protective equipment.
- Plan access routes, emergency contacts (police, EMS, ATS for fly-aways), charging areas, launch and recovery points, safety perimeter.
- Legal site access: trespass, insurance, permissions.
- Insurance is not required for standard categories but is recommended; proof may be required for an SFOC.
Study the SFOC applications, payloads, records and occurrences rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Advanced certificate, privileges and recencyWhat counts as an advanced operation, who may fly one, the age 16 certificate with exam and flight review, supervision of uncertified pilots, 24-month recency, exam and retake rules, and how Level 1 Complex differs.
- Safety assurance declarations (Standard 922)Which advanced operations need a declaration, what 922.04 to 922.08 assure, safety assurance vs pre-validated declarations, what you can fly without a declaration, modifications and operating limits.
- Flying near and over peopleThe 30 m, 5 m and 500 ft distance bands, who counts as involved, medium-drone distances, parachute limits, site and crowd planning and the crew briefing.
- Operations in controlled airspaceThe three conditions for controlled airspace, NAV Drone and DND authorizations, the information ATC may ask for, flying above 400 ft with authorization, ATC instructions, transponder airspace and restricted airspace.
- Airports, heliports and aerodrome trafficEstablished procedures within 3 NM of airports and 1 NM of heliports, TC's generic procedure, aerodrome operators' role, military aerodromes, traffic circuits, MF and ATF areas and runway numbering.
- EVLOS, sheltered operations, medium drones and SFOCsExtended visual line-of-sight and visual observer rules, sheltered operations near structures, medium-drone limits, BVLOS basics and the operations that still need an SFOC—RPAS.
- The flight reviewStandard 921.02 exercises, prerequisites and ID, the planning exercise, lost-link and fly-away items, how errors are graded, failure and retakes, results and the flight reviewer rating.
- Aviation weather reports and meteorologyDecoding METARs and TAFs (wind, visibility, weather, cloud, ceiling, temperature, altimeter), change groups, pressure and density altitude, stability, fronts, thunderstorms and wind shear.
- Radio communicationsThe ROC-A, aviation VHF frequencies including 121.5, 126.7 and 123.2 MHz, MF and ATF procedures, radio technique and phrasing, distress calls, transponder codes and crew radios.
- Crew resource management and human factorsThe four CRM skill areas, threat and error management, visual observers and sterile communication, FPV and night-vision limits, disorientation and operating pressures.