Which unit does aviation use for altitudes and heights?
Drone Basic Exam (RPAS): Navigation, charts, time and radio
Aviation units, nautical and statute miles, AGL vs ASL, altimeters and GPS errors, VNC and VTA charts, the Canada Flight Supplement, UTC and time zones, civil twilight, aviation frequencies and the ROC-A radio certificate.
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- Every answer explained
- Independent · not a government site
- 14 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: TC drone rules: CARs Part IX and TC AIM RPA chapter (Oct 2026), Ch. 10 Navigation and radio — AIM RPA 3.2.6.3, 3.2.13–3.2.15, 3.2.35; TC AIM GEN 1.4–1.5
All 14 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
Which unit does aviation use for altitudes and heights?
- Metres
- Yards
- Feet
- Kilometres
In the CFS, what does 'Cert' next to an aerodrome tell a drone pilot?
- It has a control tower that is open 24 hours a day
- It is certified to sell drone parts, batteries and fuel
- It is a certified airport or heliport (distance rules apply)
- It is closed to all drones at all times of the year
What time system is used in Canadian aviation?
- Daylight time from March to November only
- Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, or Zulu)
- The local time of the nearest airport
- Eastern Standard Time across all of Canada
A NOTAM is active from 1800Z. In Toronto during daylight saving time, what local time is that?
- 1:00 p.m.
- 10:00 p.m.
- 6:00 p.m.
- 2:00 p.m.
How often is the Canada Flight Supplement updated?
- Every 7 days
- Once a year
- Every 6 months
- Every 56 days
What do you need before transmitting on an aviation VHF radio?
- A NOTAM published for the area of the planned flight
- Written permission from the operator of the nearby aerodrome
- A Restricted Operator Certificate – Aeronautical (ROC-A)
- An advanced drone pilot certificate and a flight review
What does a typical small drone display as its altitude?
- Height above the nearest airport's runway elevation
- Flight level based on the standard pressure setting
- Altitude above mean sea level from the barometer (ASL)
- Height above the ground at the take-off point (AGL)
How long is one nautical mile?
- 1,000 metres
- 5,280 metres
- 1,609 metres
- 1,852 metres
How many satellites does a drone's GPS receiver typically need for an accurate position?
- At least 4
- At least 1
- At least 2
- At least 12
Which aeronautical chart shows the busiest airspace around major airports at a 1:250,000 scale?
- The VFR Navigation Chart (VNC)
- A standard road map of the province
- The Designated Airspace Handbook
- The VFR Terminal Area chart (VTA)
Which frequency do pilots use at uncontrolled aerodromes that have no assigned frequency?
- 123.2 MHz
- 126.7 MHz
- 121.5 MHz
- 2.4 GHz
On a map with a scale of 1:20,000, what does 1 cm represent on the ground?
- 20 kilometres
- 200 metres
- 20 metres
- 2 kilometres
A barometric altimeter is set to a pressure higher than the actual setting. What happens?
- It stops working until the setting is reset to 29.92
- It reads too low, so the aircraft is higher than shown
- It reads correctly, because pressure has no effect
- It reads too high, so the aircraft is lower than shown
You fly at 400 ft AGL near an airport whose elevation is 3,600 ft ASL. About what altitude ASL is your drone at?
- 4,000 ft ASL
- 7,600 ft ASL
- 3,200 ft ASL
- 400 ft ASL
Navigation, charts, time and radio: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Units
- Aviation uses feet for altitude, height and elevation; nautical miles for navigation distance; knots for speed.
- 1 NM = 1,852 m = 6,076 ft = 1.15 statute miles (one minute of latitude). 1 statute mile = 5,280 ft (about 1,609 m). 1 km = 0.54 NM.
- Map scale 1:20,000 means 1 cm on the map = 20,000 cm (200 m) on the ground.
Altitude
- Aviation altitudes are usually above sea level (ASL); drones usually display height above ground level (AGL) from the launch point.
- Example: 400 ft AGL near Calgary (airport about 3,600 ft ASL) is roughly 4,000 ft ASL.
- Station height: elevation of a weather station above sea level.
- A barometric (pressure) altimeter needs the local altimeter setting to read ASL. Setting too high a value makes it read too high: the aircraft is lower than indicated.
- GPS needs at least 4 satellites for a good position; GPS altitude errors can reach about 75 ft (23 m) (poor satellite geometry, masking, atmosphere).
Charts and publications
- VNC (VFR Navigation Chart): 1:500,000, low and medium altitude.
- VTA (VFR Terminal Area chart): 1:250,000, busiest airspace around major airports.
- CFS (Canada Flight Supplement): all registered aerodromes and certified airports; updated every 56 days. Water aerodromes: CWAS.
- In the CFS look for "Cert", "Reg" or "Mil" to see if a site is a certified airport/heliport, registered aerodrome or military aerodrome.
- Chart legends explain symbols, edition date and scale; check the chart is current.
- Latitude: angle north/south of the equator; longitude: east/west of the prime meridian; coordinates use WGS-84.
Time
- Aviation uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, "Zulu"), 24-hour clock, day from 0000 to 2359.
- Eastern time = UTC − 5 h (− 4 h in daylight time); Atlantic UTC − 4 (− 3 DT); Central UTC − 6 (− 5 DT); Mountain UTC − 7 (− 6 DT); Newfoundland UTC − 3½ (− 2½ DT).
- Civil twilight: sun centre 6° below horizon, about 25 min before sunrise / after sunset.
Radio
- 126.7 MHz: uncontrolled airspace (en route). 123.2 MHz: uncontrolled aerodromes without an assigned frequency.
- Aerodrome traffic frequencies (MF/ATF) are listed in the CFS and on VNCs.
- Transmitting on an aviation VHF radio requires a Restricted Operator Certificate with Aeronautical Qualification (ROC-A) from ISED; listening alone helps build a picture of nearby traffic.
- Standard phraseology: ISED RIC-21 study guide, TC AIM COM, NAV CANADA VFR Phraseology Guide.
Crew radios and C2 link
- Radio range depends on line-of-sight, antenna orientation, power and interference; buildings and trees block 2.4 GHz signals.
- A transfer of control between pilots should be clearly stated and acknowledged.
Study the Navigation, charts, time and radio rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Drone categories, certificates and recencyMicrodrones, small, medium and large drones, what counts as operating weight, what makes a flight basic or advanced, the basic certificate (age 14, online exam), supervision of uncertified pilots, the 24-month recency rule and exam rules.
- Registration, marking and documentsWhich drones must be registered, who can be a registered owner, marking the registration number, 7-day notifications, when a registration is cancelled and the documents you must have at hand.
- Airspace classes and restricted airspaceCanadian Domestic Airspace, Classes A to G, why basic pilots stay in uncontrolled airspace, Class F restricted (CYR) and advisory (CYA) areas, forest fire and NOTAM restrictions, transponder airspace, the NRC Drone Site Selection Tool and inadvertent entry.
- Altitude, distances and where you can flyThe 400 ft limit and the structure exception, 30 m from bystanders, who counts as involved, the 3 NM airport and 1 NM heliport rule, military aerodromes, emergency perimeters, advertised events, national parks and other places with special rules.
- General operating and flight rulesReckless operation, visual line-of-sight, right of way, visual observers, normal and emergency procedures, manuals and pilot intervention, formation and multiple drones, FPV, night flight, handovers, payloads, ELTs and dropping objects.
- Site survey, pre-flight checks and emergenciesWhat a site survey must cover, pre-flight information and briefings, energy planning, inspecting the drone and batteries, choosing take-off and landing sites, and procedures for lost link, fly-aways and flight termination.
- Records, incidents, penalties and other lawsFlight and maintenance records, occurrences that ground you until analysed, TSB reporting, who enforces Part IX, maximum fines, and the privacy, trespass and Criminal Code rules that still apply.
- Human factors and fitness to flyAlcohol, drugs and cannabis rules, the IM SAFE check, fatigue, the limits of the eye, scanning for traffic, night vision, reading aircraft lights, hearing traffic and decision-making under pressure.
- Weather for drone pilotsWeather minimums for VLOS, sources of weather information, micro climate and urban airflow, wind, fog, precipitation, temperature lapse rates, icing and critical surfaces, thunderstorms, microbursts and sun glare.
- Theory of flight and drone systemsThe four forces, lift, angle of attack and stalls, how multirotors and helicopters are controlled, wake turbulence, batteries, motors, IMU and compass, firmware, automation and flight termination systems.