Which drone is not allowed under Part IX?
Drone Basic Exam (RPAS): General operating and flight rules
Reckless operation, visual line-of-sight, right of way, visual observers, normal and emergency procedures, manuals and pilot intervention, formation and multiple drones, FPV, night flight, handovers, payloads, ELTs and dropping objects.
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- Every answer explained
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- 14 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: TC drone rules: CARs Part IX and TC AIM RPA chapter (Oct 2026), Ch. 5 Operating and flight rules — CARs 900.06, 901.11, 901.16–901.23, 901.30–901.45, 901.50; AIM RPA 3.2.1–3.2.11, 3.2.18–3.2.33
All 14 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
Which drone is not allowed under Part IX?
- One flying a pre-programmed route while the pilot monitors
- One designed so that the pilot cannot intervene in the flight
- One that holds its position using GPS when sticks are released
- One with an automatic return-to-home when the link is lost
A hot-air balloon drifts toward the area where your drone is flying. Who must give way?
- The balloon, because drones cannot climb out of the way
- Whichever aircraft has the other on its right side
- You, because drones give way to all other aircraft
- Whichever aircraft is lower at that moment
Which situation must your written emergency procedures cover?
- Loss of the command and control link
- A delay in delivering photos to the client
- A complaint from a neighbour about noise
- A change in the weather forecast for tomorrow
Without an SFOC, how many drones may one pilot fly at once from a single control station in VLOS?
- Up to three, with one observer for each
- Up to five, if the system is built for it
- Only one at a time, in every case
- Up to ten, if all of them stay under 400 ft
In basic operations, who must keep the drone in visual line-of-sight?
- Nobody, as long as GPS return-to-home is turned on
- The pilot or a visual observer, throughout the flight
- The pilot, but only during the take-off and landing phases
- Anyone nearby who is watching the live video feed
You want to film a car rally from a moving pickup truck. What does the rule say?
- You may drive if speed stays under 30 km/h
- You may drive on private roads only
- Someone else must drive while you fly
- You may drive if the drone is in follow-me mode
Does looking down at your screen for two seconds to change a camera setting break VLOS?
- Yes, any glance away is a loss of VLOS by law
- Yes, unless a visual observer has a second screen
- No, brief glances for flight tasks are allowed
- No, as long as the drone is set to hover mode
A helicopter appears and is heading toward your drone. What is usually the fastest way to resolve the conflict?
- Fly toward the helicopter to pass it quickly
- Climb as fast as the drone allows
- Hover in place so the helicopter sees it
- Quickly lower the drone's altitude
What does a basic pilot need to fly a drone at night?
- A visual observer with binoculars at a second site
- An SFOC from Transport Canada for each night flight
- Lights on the drone that keep it visible, switched on
- A special night rating added to the pilot certificate
May you fit an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) to your drone so you can find it after a crash?
- Yes, if it stays switched off until the drone is lost
- Yes, if you register the ELT with search and rescue first
- Yes, ELTs are required on drones heavier than 1 kg
- No, ELTs are banned on drones; other trackers are fine
You want to fly using first-person view goggles. What must you have?
- A signed approval letter from a drone flight school
- A visual observer watching the surrounding airspace
- A drone with a second camera facing backward
- A second pilot holding a matching controller
Which rule applies when you use a visual observer?
- One observer may watch up to five drones in a basic flight
- The observer may also drive the vehicle you launch from
- The observer must hold an advanced pilot certificate
- You and the observer must keep reliable, timely communication
Which aid may you use to keep visual line-of-sight with your drone?
- A pair of binoculars for distant moments
- Your normal prescription glasses
- A small spotting scope held by a friend
- A camera with a zoom lens on a tripod
In aviation, when does night begin in the evening?
- At the end of evening civil twilight
- Exactly one hour after official sunset
- When street lights come on in the area
- At the moment of official sunset
General operating and flight rules: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Reckless or negligent operation
- Applies to every drone, including microdrones: never endanger aviation safety or anyone's safety.
VLOS
- The pilot or a visual observer must keep the drone in visual line-of-sight the whole flight (basic operations).
- VLOS must be unaided: no binoculars, telescopes or zoom lenses. Glasses and sunglasses are fine; unmagnified night-vision devices are allowed at night if all visible light can still be detected.
- Brief glances at the controller are not a loss of VLOS; losing sight behind trees, buildings or cloud is.
- Radio line-of-sight: most small drones use the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band, which is crowded and blocked by buildings and trees.
Safety, right of way, collision
- Stop the flight immediately if aviation safety or anyone's safety is endangered.
- Drones give way to all other aircraft at all times: powered aircraft, airships, gliders, balloons.
- Never fly so close to another aircraft that there is a risk of collision; the fastest way out of a conflict is usually to descend.
- Detect and avoid: eyes, ears (engine noise), monitoring ATC frequencies.
Crew
- Pilot and each visual observer must keep reliable, timely communication. A VO watches one drone at a time and may not drive a moving vehicle.
- VOs for basic VLOS flights need no certificate (EVLOS VOs need at least a basic certificate).
- All crew follow the pilot's instructions during flight time.
- Carrying persons on board needs an SFOC—RPAS.
Procedures
- Normal procedures: pre-flight, take-off/launch, approach, landing/recovery.
- Emergency procedures: control station failure, equipment failure, aircraft failure, lost C2 link, fly-away, flight termination, detecting and avoiding traffic.
- Must reflect the manufacturer's instructions, be reviewed by each crew member before take-off and be immediately available. Keeping them on the same device used to fly is discouraged.
Manuals and control
- Operating manuals immediately available to crew (paper or digital); fly within the manufacturer's instructions and limits.
- No drone that the pilot cannot take over: the system must allow pilot intervention. Automated (predictable, pre-set route) is fine; fully autonomous without intervention is not.
Special situations
- Formation flight only if pre-arranged between pilots.
- Never fly a drone while driving a moving vehicle, boat or aircraft; someone else must drive. Return-to-home may go back to the launch point, not the moving vehicle.
- FPV goggles: a visual observer must watch the surrounding airspace.
- Night: drone must have lights that make it visible to the pilot or VO, and they must be on. Night = end of evening civil twilight to start of morning civil twilight (sun 6° below horizon, roughly 25–35 min after sunset).
- Up to 5 drones from one control station in VLOS if the system is designed for it; more needs an SFOC.
Other rules
- Handover between pilots in flight only if pre-arranged with a procedure to avoid loss of control.
- Payloads: no weapons or war equipment, nothing hazardous, slung loads only per the manuals; otherwise an SFOC. Dangerous goods rules (TDG) can also apply.
- Never trigger a flight termination system if that would endanger anyone.
- Drones may not carry an ELT (emergency locator transmitter); other trackers are fine.
- No dropping objects that create a hazard to people or property.
- Lasers other than Class 1/1M (or under 1 mW / non-visible) require notifying TC (CAR 601.21), about 30 days' processing.
Study the General operating and flight rules rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Drone categories, certificates and recencyMicrodrones, small, medium and large drones, what counts as operating weight, what makes a flight basic or advanced, the basic certificate (age 14, online exam), supervision of uncertified pilots, the 24-month recency rule and exam rules.
- Registration, marking and documentsWhich drones must be registered, who can be a registered owner, marking the registration number, 7-day notifications, when a registration is cancelled and the documents you must have at hand.
- Airspace classes and restricted airspaceCanadian Domestic Airspace, Classes A to G, why basic pilots stay in uncontrolled airspace, Class F restricted (CYR) and advisory (CYA) areas, forest fire and NOTAM restrictions, transponder airspace, the NRC Drone Site Selection Tool and inadvertent entry.
- Altitude, distances and where you can flyThe 400 ft limit and the structure exception, 30 m from bystanders, who counts as involved, the 3 NM airport and 1 NM heliport rule, military aerodromes, emergency perimeters, advertised events, national parks and other places with special rules.
- Site survey, pre-flight checks and emergenciesWhat a site survey must cover, pre-flight information and briefings, energy planning, inspecting the drone and batteries, choosing take-off and landing sites, and procedures for lost link, fly-aways and flight termination.
- Records, incidents, penalties and other lawsFlight and maintenance records, occurrences that ground you until analysed, TSB reporting, who enforces Part IX, maximum fines, and the privacy, trespass and Criminal Code rules that still apply.
- Human factors and fitness to flyAlcohol, drugs and cannabis rules, the IM SAFE check, fatigue, the limits of the eye, scanning for traffic, night vision, reading aircraft lights, hearing traffic and decision-making under pressure.
- Weather for drone pilotsWeather minimums for VLOS, sources of weather information, micro climate and urban airflow, wind, fog, precipitation, temperature lapse rates, icing and critical surfaces, thunderstorms, microbursts and sun glare.
- Navigation, charts, time and radioAviation units, nautical and statute miles, AGL vs ASL, altimeters and GPS errors, VNC and VTA charts, the Canada Flight Supplement, UTC and time zones, civil twilight, aviation frequencies and the ROC-A radio certificate.
- Theory of flight and drone systemsThe four forces, lift, angle of attack and stalls, how multirotors and helicopters are controlled, wake turbulence, batteries, motors, IMU and compass, firmware, automation and flight termination systems.