You fly in uncontrolled airspace but pass 15 m from a jogger who is not part of your flight. What kind of operation is that?
Drone Basic Exam (RPAS): Drone categories, certificates and recency
Microdrones, small, medium and large drones, what counts as operating weight, what makes a flight basic or advanced, the basic certificate (age 14, online exam), supervision of uncertified pilots, the 24-month recency rule and exam rules.
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- Every answer explained
- Independent · not a government site
- 14 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: TC drone rules: CARs Part IX and TC AIM RPA chapter (Oct 2026), Ch. 1 Categories and pilot certificates — CARs 901.53–901.59, Standard 921.04; AIM RPA 2.0, 3.3
All 14 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
You fly in uncontrolled airspace but pass 15 m from a jogger who is not part of your flight. What kind of operation is that?
- A basic operation, as long as you stay above 100 ft
- A basic operation, because the airspace is uncontrolled
- A microdrone operation, with no distance rule at all
- An advanced operation that needs an advanced certificate
Which activity in the previous 24 months keeps a basic pilot current?
- Completing TC's endorsed self-paced study program
- Renewing the drone's registration certificate
- Reading the latest edition of the drone safety web page
- Logging at least ten hours of flight time in that period
A 240 g drone is fitted with propeller guards that bring it to 262 g. What applies?
- It is now a small drone that must be registered and flown by a certified pilot
- It needs registration only if it is flown for paid work
- It stays a microdrone as long as the guards are removed before landing
- It stays a microdrone because guards are safety equipment and are not counted
A 12-year-old wants to fly a 600 g drone in a field far from people and airports. How can they do it legally?
- Under the direct supervision of a pilot who holds a valid drone certificate
- Alone, provided a parent signs a permission form that stays with the drone
- Only after passing the basic exam, which has no minimum age at all
- Alone, provided the drone always stays below 100 ft above the ground
Which of these breaks the rules for the online drone exam?
- Taking the exam at home on your own laptop
- Having a friend help you choose answers
- Using a pencil and paper to sketch a diagram
- Writing the exam in French instead of English
You fail the Small Basic exam. When may you try again?
- After 7 days
- Right away, as often as you like
- After 30 days
- After 24 hours
For how long must you keep a record of the recurrent activity you used for recency?
- At least 6 months after completing it
- Only until the next flight is finished
- At least 12 months after completing it
- At least 24 months after completing it
When working out a drone's operating weight, what is left out?
- The handheld controller
- Stickers and propeller guards
- The camera that came with it
- Any lights added for night flight
Which drones are called microdrones under Canada's drone rules?
- Drones with an operating weight under 250 g
- Drones sold as toys for children under 14
- Drones with an operating weight under 500 g
- Drones that fit in the palm of one hand
What must be easily accessible to you while flying basic operations?
- Your pilot certificate and proof that you meet recency
- A paper logbook signed by an approved flight school
- Your pilot certificate and a printout of your exam result
- Your driver's licence and a proof of liability insurance
What is the minimum age to obtain a Pilot Certificate – Basic Operations?
- 18 years
- 12 years
- 16 years
- 14 years
What operating weight range defines a small drone?
- From 1 kg up to and including 150 kg
- From 250 g up to and including 25 kg
- From 250 g up to and including 50 kg
- From 100 g up to and including 10 kg
How long is a Pilot Certificate – Basic Operations valid?
- Two years, after which the exam must be rewritten
- Ten years, then renewable online for a fee
- It does not expire, but you must meet recency rules
- Five years from the date you passed the online exam
Which flight is still a basic operation?
- A 2 kg drone in uncontrolled airspace, 40 m from the nearest bystander
- A 30 kg drone in uncontrolled airspace, far from any people at all
- A 2 kg drone inside a control zone, 40 m from the nearest bystander
- A 2 kg drone in uncontrolled airspace, 20 m from a passer-by walking a dog
Drone categories, certificates and recency: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Drone size classification
- Microdrone: operating weight under 250 g. Small: 250 g up to 25 kg. Medium: over 25 kg up to 150 kg. Large: over 150 kg (special operations, SFOC).
- Operating weight counts everything carried or attached (camera, propeller guards, lights, stickers) but not the controller.
- A sub-250 g drone that reaches 250 g with accessories becomes a small drone: register it, mark it, and fly it with a certificate.
What basic operations are
- Small drone, VLOS, uncontrolled airspace, at least 30 m (100 ft) horizontally from people not involved, at any altitude.
- Also outside 3 NM (5.6 km) of an airport centre and 1 NM of a heliport centre (CAR 901.47).
- Failing any one condition makes the flight advanced (or complex); e.g. uncontrolled airspace but within 30 m of a bystander = advanced.
Basic certificate
- Minimum age 14 for the basic certificate; issued after passing the Small Basic exam (TP 15263).
- Under 14 (or uncertified) may fly basic operations only under the direct supervision of a certified pilot.
- An advanced or Level 1 Complex certificate also allows basic operations.
- Certificate is a printed or electronic Transport Canada document; no other proof accepted. It does not expire.
Certificate levels compared
- Advanced: age 16, Advanced exam + flight review; adds controlled airspace (with ATC permission), near/over people, medium drones, sheltered and EVLOS operations (drone must have the right safety declaration).
- Level 1 Complex: age 18, Advanced exam, 20 h ground school, Level 1 Complex exam, flight review; adds lower-risk BVLOS under an RPAS operator certificate (RPOC).
- Microdrones have no pilot certificate.
Recency (24 months)
- Before flying, within the previous 24 months you must have: been issued a certificate, OR passed any RPAS exam (basic, advanced or Level 1 Complex), OR passed a flight review, OR completed a recurrent training activity.
- Recurrent activities: TC-endorsed safety seminar; recurrent training program from a drone flight school; TC-endorsed self-paced study program.
- Keep a record of the activity and its date for at least 24 months. The self-paced program copy stays with the pilot; it is not sent to TC.
- Failing an exam taken for recency does not cancel a valid certificate.
What to have when flying
- Pilot certificate and proof of recency must be easily accessible during the flight.
Exam rules
- Not allowed: copying or removing exam content, giving or getting help (unless an approved accommodation), writing for someone else.
- After a failed exam, wait 24 hours before retaking; no limit on attempts.
- Exams are online only, through the Drone Management Portal, in English or French.
Study the Drone categories, certificates and recency rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Registration, marking and documentsWhich drones must be registered, who can be a registered owner, marking the registration number, 7-day notifications, when a registration is cancelled and the documents you must have at hand.
- Airspace classes and restricted airspaceCanadian Domestic Airspace, Classes A to G, why basic pilots stay in uncontrolled airspace, Class F restricted (CYR) and advisory (CYA) areas, forest fire and NOTAM restrictions, transponder airspace, the NRC Drone Site Selection Tool and inadvertent entry.
- Altitude, distances and where you can flyThe 400 ft limit and the structure exception, 30 m from bystanders, who counts as involved, the 3 NM airport and 1 NM heliport rule, military aerodromes, emergency perimeters, advertised events, national parks and other places with special rules.
- General operating and flight rulesReckless operation, visual line-of-sight, right of way, visual observers, normal and emergency procedures, manuals and pilot intervention, formation and multiple drones, FPV, night flight, handovers, payloads, ELTs and dropping objects.
- Site survey, pre-flight checks and emergenciesWhat a site survey must cover, pre-flight information and briefings, energy planning, inspecting the drone and batteries, choosing take-off and landing sites, and procedures for lost link, fly-aways and flight termination.
- Records, incidents, penalties and other lawsFlight and maintenance records, occurrences that ground you until analysed, TSB reporting, who enforces Part IX, maximum fines, and the privacy, trespass and Criminal Code rules that still apply.
- Human factors and fitness to flyAlcohol, drugs and cannabis rules, the IM SAFE check, fatigue, the limits of the eye, scanning for traffic, night vision, reading aircraft lights, hearing traffic and decision-making under pressure.
- Weather for drone pilotsWeather minimums for VLOS, sources of weather information, micro climate and urban airflow, wind, fog, precipitation, temperature lapse rates, icing and critical surfaces, thunderstorms, microbursts and sun glare.
- Navigation, charts, time and radioAviation units, nautical and statute miles, AGL vs ASL, altimeters and GPS errors, VNC and VTA charts, the Canada Flight Supplement, UTC and time zones, civil twilight, aviation frequencies and the ROC-A radio certificate.
- Theory of flight and drone systemsThe four forces, lift, angle of attack and stalls, how multirotors and helicopters are controlled, wake turbulence, batteries, motors, IMU and compass, firmware, automation and flight termination systems.