About how long do the eyes take to refocus from your controller screen to a distant aircraft?
Drone Basic Exam (RPAS): Human factors and fitness to fly
Alcohol, drugs and cannabis rules, the IM SAFE check, fatigue, the limits of the eye, scanning for traffic, night vision, reading aircraft lights, hearing traffic and decision-making under pressure.
- No sign-up
- Every answer explained
- Independent · not a government site
- 14 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: TC drone rules: CARs Part IX and TC AIM RPA chapter (Oct 2026), Ch. 8 Human factors — CAR 901.19; AIM RPA 3.2.6–3.2.7, 3.2.27; TC AIM AIR 3.5–3.10
All 14 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
About how long do the eyes take to refocus from your controller screen to a distant aircraft?
- 1 to 2 seconds
- Less than a tenth of a second
- About 10 to 15 seconds
- About 30 seconds
Why is fatigue considered especially dangerous for drone pilots?
- It can be cured right away with a coffee and a snack
- Its effects can be present without the person noticing
- It only affects pilots who have flown more than 8 hours
- It only matters for flights that take place at night
What is often the first sign of approaching traffic for a drone pilot?
- The sound of an engine or rotor
- A warning from the drone's camera
- A text message from NAV CANADA
- A vibration in the drone controller
Which statement about alcohol and the body is correct?
- Coffee or oxygen do not speed up how fast alcohol is cleared
- A large meal removes alcohol from the blood within an hour
- Strong coffee clears alcohol twice as fast as normal
- Alcohol leaves the inner ear before it leaves the blood
At night you see an aircraft's red light and white light, but no green. Which way is it going?
- Crossing from left to right, toward you
- Coming straight toward you
- Crossing from right to left and moving away
- Climbing directly above where you stand
How can you avoid 'empty field myopia' when scanning a clear blue sky?
- Stare at one point in the sky for a long time
- Close one eye and scan with the other one only
- Wear polarized sunglasses for the whole flight
- Focus first on a distant cloud edge or tree line
How long after drinking alcohol must you wait before acting as a drone crew member?
- At least 8 hours
- At least 12 hours
- Until you feel sober
- At least 4 hours
You can see both the red and the green wing-tip lights of an aircraft at night. What does that tell you?
- It is on the ground, parked
- It is heading toward you
- It is flying away from you
- It is a drone, not an aircraft
What does Transport Canada's policy say about cannabis and drone crew duties?
- No limit applies, as long as you feel unimpaired when flying
- Abstain for at least 28 days before acting as a crew member
- Abstain for at least 24 hours, unless it is for medical use
- Abstain for at least 12 hours, the same as for alcohol
At night, a faint light disappears when you look straight at it. What should you do?
- Close both eyes for a few seconds and look again
- Stare harder at the exact spot where it was
- Turn the controller screen to full brightness
- Look about 10 to 15 degrees to one side of it
You took an over-the-counter allergy pill that makes you drowsy. What is the safe choice?
- Fly, but only for short flights under 10 minutes
- Fly, provided a visual observer is with you
- Fly, because it is not a prescription drug
- Do not fly until the effects have fully worn off
What is the recommended way to scan the sky for other aircraft?
- Short stops on blocks of about 10 to 15 degrees
- Looking only where you hear engine noise
- Staring at the drone and glancing up every minute
- One smooth, continuous sweep without stopping
How long do your eyes need to fully adapt to darkness?
- About 5 minutes
- About 20 to 30 minutes
- About 2 hours
- About 1 to 2 minutes
In the IM SAFE checklist, what does the letter S stand for?
- Sleep
- Sight
- Speed
- Stress
Human factors and fitness to fly: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Fitness of crew
- No crew member (pilot, VO, others) may act while fatigued or otherwise unfit.
- No acting as crew within 12 hours of drinking alcohol, while under the influence, or while using a drug that impairs faculties.
- TC policy: abstain from cannabis (including CBD, any method) for at least 28 days before crew duties.
- AIM AIR advice: allow at least 24 hours between the last drink and flying; alcohol can stay in the inner ear after it leaves the blood; coffee or oxygen do not speed up how fast the body clears it.
- Over-the-counter medicines (sedating antihistamines, cough medicine, sleeping pills) can impair judgment; the condition itself may also be a problem even if symptoms are masked.
- Criminal Code s. 320.14: impaired to any degree by alcohol or drugs is an offence for crew.
- Crew must tell the pilot in command of any incapacity as soon as possible.
IM SAFE self-check
- Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol (within 12 h), Fatigue (rest in last 24 h), Eating (hunger, hydration). Any "yes" = probably not fit.
Fatigue
- Slows reactions, reduces concentration, causes attention errors; often not noticed by the person.
- Causes: little sleep, overexertion, stress, illness; boredom and fatigue make each other worse.
Vision and scanning
- About 80% of information comes through the eyes.
- Refocusing between near (screen) and far takes 1–2 seconds; spotting, identifying and avoiding traffic can take about 10 seconds.
- Empty-field myopia: staring at empty sky; focus on a cloud edge or tree line first.
- Only the small central fovea sees sharply; the eye sees a ~200° arc but detail only in the centre. Peripheral vision is best at detecting movement.
- Block scan: divide the sky into blocks of about 10–15° and pause on each; scanning is degraded by boredom, illness, fatigue, preoccupation and anxiety.
- Dark adaptation takes 20–30 minutes and can be lost in seconds; red light helps night vision but distorts colour.
- At night, look 10–15° to the side of a dim object; distance is hard to judge at night.
- Vision is also degraded by carbon monoxide (smoking, exhaust), lack of vitamin A, bright sun exposure.
- Hearing: engine or rotor noise is often the first warning of traffic; keep a sterile (quiet) control station.
Aircraft lights at night
- Red position light on the left (port) wing tip, green on the right (starboard), white on the tail.
- Red + white seen: aircraft crossing right to left, moving away. Green only: crossing left to right, may be approaching. Red and green together: coming toward you.
- Anti-collision beacon usually flashing red; strobes white. Some aircraft (police, military) may fly without lights.
Decision-making and workload
- Situational awareness, stress, attitudes and workload affect decisions; use SOPs and checklists and resume an interrupted checklist carefully.
- Automation complacency: watch the drone even on autopilot.
- Operating pressure from clients, employers, friends or family must not override safety.
- Cold reduces dexterity and adds stress; dress for the conditions.
Study the Human factors and fitness to fly rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Drone categories, certificates and recencyMicrodrones, small, medium and large drones, what counts as operating weight, what makes a flight basic or advanced, the basic certificate (age 14, online exam), supervision of uncertified pilots, the 24-month recency rule and exam rules.
- Registration, marking and documentsWhich drones must be registered, who can be a registered owner, marking the registration number, 7-day notifications, when a registration is cancelled and the documents you must have at hand.
- Airspace classes and restricted airspaceCanadian Domestic Airspace, Classes A to G, why basic pilots stay in uncontrolled airspace, Class F restricted (CYR) and advisory (CYA) areas, forest fire and NOTAM restrictions, transponder airspace, the NRC Drone Site Selection Tool and inadvertent entry.
- Altitude, distances and where you can flyThe 400 ft limit and the structure exception, 30 m from bystanders, who counts as involved, the 3 NM airport and 1 NM heliport rule, military aerodromes, emergency perimeters, advertised events, national parks and other places with special rules.
- General operating and flight rulesReckless operation, visual line-of-sight, right of way, visual observers, normal and emergency procedures, manuals and pilot intervention, formation and multiple drones, FPV, night flight, handovers, payloads, ELTs and dropping objects.
- Site survey, pre-flight checks and emergenciesWhat a site survey must cover, pre-flight information and briefings, energy planning, inspecting the drone and batteries, choosing take-off and landing sites, and procedures for lost link, fly-aways and flight termination.
- Records, incidents, penalties and other lawsFlight and maintenance records, occurrences that ground you until analysed, TSB reporting, who enforces Part IX, maximum fines, and the privacy, trespass and Criminal Code rules that still apply.
- Weather for drone pilotsWeather minimums for VLOS, sources of weather information, micro climate and urban airflow, wind, fog, precipitation, temperature lapse rates, icing and critical surfaces, thunderstorms, microbursts and sun glare.
- Navigation, charts, time and radioAviation units, nautical and statute miles, AGL vs ASL, altimeters and GPS errors, VNC and VTA charts, the Canada Flight Supplement, UTC and time zones, civil twilight, aviation frequencies and the ROC-A radio certificate.
- Theory of flight and drone systemsThe four forces, lift, angle of attack and stalls, how multirotors and helicopters are controlled, wake turbulence, batteries, motors, IMU and compass, firmware, automation and flight termination systems.