What minimum internal temperature must a whole bird reach?
MAPAQ Food Handler: Thawing and cooking
Safe thawing methods, why not to refreeze, safe internal cooking temperatures for meats, poultry, fish, seafood and eggs, microwave cooking and partial cooking.
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- 13 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: MAPAQ Guide to good hygiene and food safety practices and quebec.ca (Oct 2026), Ch. 6 Thawing and cooking — Guide, Thawing; Cooking; Safe cooking temperature table
All 13 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
What minimum internal temperature must a whole bird reach?
- 71 °C
- 63 °C
- 82 °C
- 74 °C
A chef cooks chicken breasts to 55 °C in the morning to finish them at noon. What does the guide say?
- Partial cooking of meat is not recommended
- It is a good way to save time
- It is required for poultry
- It is allowed if the chicken stays on the counter
Why should a roast not be thawed at room temperature?
- The surface sits too long at temperatures that favour pathogens
- The centre of the roast cooks before the outer surface does
- The roast loses its flavour and colour when thawed slowly
- The roast absorbs too much humidity from the room air
What minimum internal temperature must a piece of fish reach?
- 55 °C
- 63 °C
- 82 °C
- 70 °C
What minimum internal temperature must an egg dish such as a quiche reach?
- 65 °C
- 74 °C
- 60 °C
- 82 °C
Which thawing method is safe for a potentially hazardous food?
- In a sink of still lukewarm water
- Next to the fryer to speed it up
- On the counter overnight
- In the refrigerator
Where should the thermometer go to check a piece of meat?
- Against the bone, for a steady reading
- Near the surface, where it is hottest
- In the centre, away from bone and fat
- In the juices at the bottom of the pan
What minimum internal temperature is required for pork chops or a pork roast?
- 82 °C
- 71 °C
- 63 °C
- 60 °C
What must you do before thawing vacuum-packed smoked fish in the fridge?
- Leave it in its sealed packaging
- Open or remove the packaging
- Add more salt to it
- Plunge it into hot water
After microwave cooking, how long should you wait before checking the food reached 74 °C throughout?
- Two minutes
- One hour
- Ten minutes
- Ten seconds
What minimum internal temperature must ground beef patties reach?
- 63 °C
- 71 °C
- 68 °C
- 82 °C
When thawing food in water, what is the maximum temperature of the drinking water?
- 4 °C
- 21 °C
- 40 °C
- 60 °C
Why should a thawed potentially hazardous food not be refrozen?
- It would take up too much space in the establishment's freezer
- It would lose all of its vitamins and minerals in the freezer
- It would become too hard to cut once it is frozen a second time
- Freezing does not kill micro-organisms, which will be more numerous
Thawing and cooking: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Thawing
- Never thaw a PHF at room temperature: the surface thaws first and sits too long at temperatures that favour pathogens.
- Safe methods: in the fridge; in the microwave just before cooking; in a conventional oven combined with cooking; fully submerged in a container under drinking water at 21 °C or less.
- Vacuum-packed smoked fish: open or remove the packaging before thawing in the fridge.
- A thawed PHF should not be refrozen: freezing does not kill micro-organisms, which multiply further after a second thaw.
Cooking temperatures (minimum internal)
- Ground meat and mixtures: poultry, exotic meat, game 74 °C; beef, veal, lamb, pork, goat, horse 71 °C.
- Cuts of beef, veal, lamb, goat: 63 °C medium-rare, 71 °C medium, 77 °C well done; mechanically tenderized beef or veal 63 °C.
- Pork chops and roasts, ham to be cooked: 71 °C. Whole poultry 82 °C; poultry pieces 74 °C. Horse 71 °C; game and exotic meats 74 °C.
- Fish 70 °C; seafood 74 °C, or flesh opaque (crustaceans) and shells open (oysters, mussels).
- Whole eggs: white and yolk firm; egg dishes 74 °C.
- Use a calibrated thermometer in the centre, away from bone and fat.
- Lower temperatures need MAPAQ equivalence tables or the sous-vide schedule, or proof of intact cuts and a recognized safe process.
- Microwave cooking: stir or turn, cover, wait two minutes, reach 74 °C throughout.
- Partial cooking of meat (e.g. chicken to 55 °C in the morning, finished at noon) is not recommended.
- High-risk processes such as canning need tight control; an expert consultant is recommended.
Other topics
- Mandatory training and operator dutiesWho must hold the food handler or manager certificate, the two staffing options, the 10% rule, the training register, exemptions, equivalent programs and recognition of experience.
- Food safety, hazards and the 5 MPotentially hazardous foods, biological, chemical and physical hazards, micro-organisms, foodborne illness, discarding unsafe food, first in first out and the MAPAQ 5 M method.
- Temperatures and the cold chainStorage temperatures of -18 °C, 4 °C and 60 °C, the danger zone, how fast bacteria double, thermometers and their calibration, temperature records and keeping the cold chain.
- Food origin, labelling and allergensApproved sources for meat, eggs, dairy and shellfish, what a label must show, best-before dates, previously frozen products, priority allergens, gluten and sulphites.
- Preventing contaminationDirect and cross-contamination, storing raw foods and allergens, shelf heights off the floor, frying oil, cutting boards, sneeze guards, cracked eggs and damaged cans.
- Cooling, reheating, tartares and sushiTwo-stage cooling from 60 °C to 21 °C and 4 °C, cooling methods, reheating to 74 °C or 63 °C for 3 minutes, and the rules for tartares, sushi rice and parasite-killing freezing.
- Cleaning and sanitizingCleaning steps, heat and chemical sanitizing, water temperatures for manual and machine dishwashing, three-compartment sinks, cloths, scrubbers, biofilms, cleaning frequencies and chemical safety.
- Personal hygiene and healthWhen and how to wash hands, hand sanitizer, illness and exclusion periods, wounds and gloves, work clothes, jewellery, hair and beard covers, tasting food and moving between zones.
- Equipment, premises and pestsRequirements for equipment and utensils, waste, floors, walls and ventilation, protected lighting, garbage bins, pests, service dogs and pesticide storage.
- Drinking water and water advisoriesPotable water for food and ice, well water testing, hot water at 60 °C, and what to do under a boil-water or do-not-consume advisory.
- Records and foodborne illnessWhich records to keep, symptoms of foodborne illness, people most at risk, removing sick workers and how to report a complaint to MAPAQ.