MAPAQ Food Handler overview

MAPAQ Food Handler: Thawing and cooking

Safe thawing methods, why not to refreeze, safe internal cooking temperatures for meats, poultry, fish, seafood and eggs, microwave cooking and partial cooking.

  • 13 questions
  • Topic drill
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Thawing and cooking · Question 1Score 0/0

What minimum internal temperature must a whole bird reach?

Study reference: MAPAQ Guide to good hygiene and food safety practices and quebec.ca (Oct 2026), Ch. 6 Thawing and cooking — Guide, Thawing; Cooking; Safe cooking temperature table

All 13 questions in this test

Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.

  1. What minimum internal temperature must a whole bird reach?

    1. 71 °C
    2. 63 °C
    3. 82 °C
    4. 74 °C
  2. A chef cooks chicken breasts to 55 °C in the morning to finish them at noon. What does the guide say?

    1. Partial cooking of meat is not recommended
    2. It is a good way to save time
    3. It is required for poultry
    4. It is allowed if the chicken stays on the counter
  3. Why should a roast not be thawed at room temperature?

    1. The surface sits too long at temperatures that favour pathogens
    2. The centre of the roast cooks before the outer surface does
    3. The roast loses its flavour and colour when thawed slowly
    4. The roast absorbs too much humidity from the room air
  4. What minimum internal temperature must a piece of fish reach?

    1. 55 °C
    2. 63 °C
    3. 82 °C
    4. 70 °C
  5. What minimum internal temperature must an egg dish such as a quiche reach?

    1. 65 °C
    2. 74 °C
    3. 60 °C
    4. 82 °C
  6. Which thawing method is safe for a potentially hazardous food?

    1. In a sink of still lukewarm water
    2. Next to the fryer to speed it up
    3. On the counter overnight
    4. In the refrigerator
  7. Where should the thermometer go to check a piece of meat?

    1. Against the bone, for a steady reading
    2. Near the surface, where it is hottest
    3. In the centre, away from bone and fat
    4. In the juices at the bottom of the pan
  8. What minimum internal temperature is required for pork chops or a pork roast?

    1. 82 °C
    2. 71 °C
    3. 63 °C
    4. 60 °C
  9. What must you do before thawing vacuum-packed smoked fish in the fridge?

    1. Leave it in its sealed packaging
    2. Open or remove the packaging
    3. Add more salt to it
    4. Plunge it into hot water
  10. After microwave cooking, how long should you wait before checking the food reached 74 °C throughout?

    1. Two minutes
    2. One hour
    3. Ten minutes
    4. Ten seconds
  11. What minimum internal temperature must ground beef patties reach?

    1. 63 °C
    2. 71 °C
    3. 68 °C
    4. 82 °C
  12. When thawing food in water, what is the maximum temperature of the drinking water?

    1. 4 °C
    2. 21 °C
    3. 40 °C
    4. 60 °C
  13. Why should a thawed potentially hazardous food not be refrozen?

    1. It would take up too much space in the establishment's freezer
    2. It would lose all of its vitamins and minerals in the freezer
    3. It would become too hard to cut once it is frozen a second time
    4. Freezing does not kill micro-organisms, which will be more numerous

Thawing and cooking: key rules to remember

Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗

Thawing

  • Never thaw a PHF at room temperature: the surface thaws first and sits too long at temperatures that favour pathogens.
  • Safe methods: in the fridge; in the microwave just before cooking; in a conventional oven combined with cooking; fully submerged in a container under drinking water at 21 °C or less.
  • Vacuum-packed smoked fish: open or remove the packaging before thawing in the fridge.
  • A thawed PHF should not be refrozen: freezing does not kill micro-organisms, which multiply further after a second thaw.

Cooking temperatures (minimum internal)

  • Ground meat and mixtures: poultry, exotic meat, game 74 °C; beef, veal, lamb, pork, goat, horse 71 °C.
  • Cuts of beef, veal, lamb, goat: 63 °C medium-rare, 71 °C medium, 77 °C well done; mechanically tenderized beef or veal 63 °C.
  • Pork chops and roasts, ham to be cooked: 71 °C. Whole poultry 82 °C; poultry pieces 74 °C. Horse 71 °C; game and exotic meats 74 °C.
  • Fish 70 °C; seafood 74 °C, or flesh opaque (crustaceans) and shells open (oysters, mussels).
  • Whole eggs: white and yolk firm; egg dishes 74 °C.
  • Use a calibrated thermometer in the centre, away from bone and fat.
  • Lower temperatures need MAPAQ equivalence tables or the sous-vide schedule, or proof of intact cuts and a recognized safe process.
  • Microwave cooking: stir or turn, cover, wait two minutes, reach 74 °C throughout.
  • Partial cooking of meat (e.g. chicken to 55 °C in the morning, finished at noon) is not recommended.
  • High-risk processes such as canning need tight control; an expert consultant is recommended.

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