An employee guards a factory entrance only for their employer, which is not a security business. When do they need a licence?
Québec Security Guard (BSP): Private Security Act and the agent licence
The six private security activities, who is exempt, why an agent is never a peace officer, who needs an agent licence (including the immediate supervisor), the conditions (age 18, good character, no related conviction, training), the five-year licence, temporary licences, incompatible jobs, notices to the BSP and the public register.
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Study reference: Québec private security law and BSP guidance (Oct 2026), Ch. 1 Private Security Act and licensing — Private Security Act (CQLR c. S-3.5) ss. 1–4, 16–37, 79, 81; BSP Regular permit and Obligations pages
All 22 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
An employee guards a factory entrance only for their employer, which is not a security business. When do they need a licence?
- Only if the factory has more than 50 employees
- If guarding is their main activity
- Never, because the employer is not an agency
- Only if they work nights and weekends
A self-employed person offers guarding to clients. Which licences do they need?
- An agent licence and an agency licence
- A municipal business permit is enough
- Only a guarding agent licence
- Only a guarding agency licence
What happens if an agent does not pay the annual fees?
- They just receive a friendly reminder letter once each year
- The licence is suspended, then revoked if still unpaid
- Their employer pays automatically for them
- Nothing, the fees are optional for agents
Before suspending a licence, how long must the BSP give the holder to submit observations?
- At least 48 hours, in all cases
- At least 30 days, without exception
- At least 10 days, except in an emergency
- The Act sets no time limit at all
An agent wants to contest the revocation of their licence. Where do they do so?
- The joint committee for security agents
- The labour standards commission
- The Tribunal administratif du Québec
- The Small Claims Court
Does any criminal conviction always prevent getting an agent licence?
- Yes, unless it is more than two years old
- Yes, any conviction bars a licence for life
- No, the BSP never checks convictions at all
- No, only one related to the activity and not pardoned
What status in Canada is required for an agent licence?
- No particular status is required
- Canadian citizenship only, proven by a passport or birth certificate
- Five years' residence in Québec only
- Citizenship, permanent residence or a work permit
Which of these people is not covered by the Private Security Act when guarding premises?
- A volunteer
- A paid summer student
- An agency employee in training
- A part-time agent
An agent changes employer. By when must the BSP register be updated?
- Before the end of the calendar year
- Within 30 days after the change
- Within 7 days after the change
- Only when the licence is renewed
What is the minimum age for a guarding agent licence in Québec?
- 21
- 19
- 16
- 18
Under Québec's Private Security Act, what is guarding (gardiennage)?
- Transporting valuables in an armoured vehicle
- Watching over or protecting people, property or places
- Searching for information about another person's conduct
- Installing alarm systems that protect against theft
What is the maximum length of a temporary agent licence?
- 30 days
- 60 days
- 120 days
- One year
An agent's licence is revoked. By when must it be returned to the BSP?
- Within 15 days of the decision
- Within 60 days of the decision
- Within 48 hours of the decision
- It may be kept as a souvenir
Besides the agent doing the guarding, who else must hold an agent licence?
- The owner of the guarded building
- Their immediate supervisor
- The client who signed the contract
- The site's union representative
In which case must the BSP revoke an agent licence?
- The agent works in two regions
- The agent changes employer twice
- The agent no longer has good character
- The agent once forgets the licence
For how long is an agent licence issued or renewed?
- Five years
- Three years
- Ten years
- One year
Which police force checks applicants' records and good character?
- The RCMP
- The Sûreté du Québec
- The École nationale de police
- The city police service
Is the BSP register of licence holders open to the public?
- No, only police may consult it
- Yes, the register is public
- No, only employers may see it
- Yes, but only with a warrant
A security agent takes a clerical job with a police service. What does the Act say?
- It is allowed with the agency's approval
- It is allowed if they work under 20 hours
- It is allowed, since they are not an officer
- It is incompatible and the licence will be revoked
An agent is charged with a criminal offence. When must they tell the BSP?
- Within 90 days
- At licence renewal
- Without delay
- Only if convicted
For how many years can an earlier refusal or revocation justify refusing a licence?
- Five years
- Ten years
- Two years
- One year
Does a security agent licence holder have the status of a peace officer?
- No, the Act says they never do
- Yes, if wearing the agency's uniform
- Yes, but only during working hours
- Yes, on the client's private property
Private Security Act and the agent licence: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Scope
- Six private security activities: guarding, investigation, locksmithing, electronic security systems, transporting valuables and security consulting.
- Guarding is the surveillance or protection of persons, property or places, mainly to prevent crime and maintain order.
- The Act does not apply to peace officers, members of professional orders practising their profession, people seeking information for media, scientific or hiring purposes, or volunteers, among others.
- Nothing in the Act gives an agent licence holder peace officer status (s. 3).
Required licences
- A business offering a private security activity needs an agency licence of the relevant class.
- The person carrying on the activity and their immediate supervisor both need an agent licence of the matching class.
- In-house exception: working exclusively for an employer whose business is not private security, a licence is needed only if it is the person's main activity.
- BSP: a sole proprietor needs both an agent licence and an agency licence.
Conditions and term
- Conditions: required training; good character (bonnes mœurs); no conviction for a Criminal Code offence connected with the activity unless pardoned; age 18 or older.
- BSP: Canadian citizenship, permanent residence or a valid work permit; physical and mental fitness (medical certificate only if the BSP asks).
- Refusal possible if, in the previous five years, a licence was refused, suspended or revoked.
- Agent licence term: five years; temporary licence: up to 120 days in cases set by regulation.
Obligations
- Pay annual fees; unpaid fees lead to suspension, then revocation.
- Notify the BSP without delay of any change that may affect validity (criminal charge, job with a police force, expired work permit).
- No incompatible employment, notably any job with a police force.
- Notify the BSP in writing before ceasing activities; the Sûreté du Québec checks records and character at application and at any time.
Decisions and register
- Grounds to suspend, revoke or refuse renewal include unmet conditions, unpaid fees, incompatible employment, an offence under the Act and breach of the standards of conduct; revocation is mandatory for a related criminal conviction or loss of good character.
- Written notice and at least 10 days to submit observations (except emergencies); reasons given; employer informed.
- Return the licence within 15 days of revocation or non-renewal; appeal to the Tribunal administratif du Québec.
- Update register information (employer, name) within 30 days; the register is public.
Study the Private Security Act and the agent licence rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Required training and temporary permitsThe 70-hour guarding course and its three modules, school service centres, work-study temporary permits, equivalence reviews, the CNESST first aid requirement, licences from other provinces, and the rules for temporary permit holders.
- Standards of conduct for agentsThe nine standards of the conduct regulation: preserving trust, no offensive or discriminatory language, no alcohol or drugs, showing the licence, no abuse of authority or unlawful detention, cooperating with police and the BSP, competence and honesty about one's powers, no conflicts of interest, confidentiality and careful use of firearms.
- The BSP, inspections, complaints and finesThe Bureau de la sécurité privée's mission and board, inspectors' powers, complaints and how they are handled, the public register, and the fines in the Private Security Act, including doubling for repeat offences.
- Arrest powers and the rights of arrested personsA citizen's arrest under Criminal Code section 494, the owner's-agent power, delivering the person to police at once, giving the reason, breach of the peace, and the Québec Charter rights of an arrested person: humane treatment, reasons in a language they understand, and calling relatives and a lawyer.
- Use of force and self-defenceCriminal Code sections 25 to 27, 34 and 35 on necessary force, deadly force, excess, preventing offences, defence of person and defence of property, together with the conduct regulation's ban on excessive force, threats and intimidation.
- Québec Charter rights, privacy and discriminationDignity, privacy, property, the home and protection from unreasonable searches under the Québec Charter, which also binds private security; the prohibited grounds of discrimination, harassment and refusing services to the public; and confidentiality.
- Communication, de-escalation and fightsWarning signs of violence, verbal and non-verbal de-escalation, ending a hostile exchange, responding to fights and crowds, reporting incidents, and the respect the conduct regulation requires.
- Emergency procedures and fire extinguishersFire classes A, B, C, D and K, the EVAB (PASS) method, when never to fight a fire, where to stand, extinguisher inspection, evacuation, head counts, the emergency co-ordinator, chain of command and drills.