If a guardrail is not practicable, which method ranks highest in Ontario's order of fall protection?
Working at Heights: Choosing protection: the hierarchy
Eliminating the hazard first, guardrails before personal equipment, Ontario's ranking of travel restraint, fall restricting, fall arrest and safety nets, and the limits of PPE.
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Study reference: Ontario working at heights sources (Oct 2026), Ch. 4 Choosing protection — O. Reg. 213/91 s. 26.1; Working at Heights Training Program Standard 9.1.3; WorkSafeBC booklet, Fall restraint or fall arrest
All 16 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
If a guardrail is not practicable, which method ranks highest in Ontario's order of fall protection?
- A fall arrest system
- A travel restraint system
- A safety net
- A fall restricting system
Who must design the components of a travel restraint, fall restricting or fall arrest system under s. 26.1(3)?
- Any worker on site, using whatever materials are handy
- The equipment rental clerk who hands the gear over
- The supervisor, based on how the system looks once set up
- An engineer, to good engineering practice and CSA standards
Which list matches the control methods the theory module asks learners to apply at heights?
- Elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering, administration, PPE
- Speed, strength, balance, courage, luck and years of experience
- Painting, sweeping, lifting, lowering, tying and taping
- Planning, buying, renting, storing, selling and scrapping
Under Ontario's construction regulation, what is the first required method of protecting a worker from a fall?
- A safety net
- A warning sign
- A guardrail system
- A fall arrest system
Using a scaffold with guardrails instead of a ladder for a long overhead job is an example of what?
- Ignoring the hierarchy of controls
- Using PPE as the very first line of defence
- Choosing a higher-level control from the hierarchy
- An administrative rule about ladders
When choosing a fall protection system, what should be considered first?
- Guardrails or barriers
- A longer lanyard
- A warning whistle
- A safety belt and short lanyard
Why must the highest-ranked practicable method be used?
- Lower methods are banned on every construction project
- The ranking is only a suggestion with no legal force
- Higher methods prevent the fall or reduce harm more reliably
- Higher methods are always the cheapest to install on site
In Ontario's ranking, which method comes last?
- A guardrail system
- A safety net
- A fall restricting system
- A travel restraint system
What is the difference between fall restraint and fall arrest?
- Restraint prevents a fall; arrest stops a fall that has started
- Restraint is for ladders only; arrest is for roofs only
- Restraint stops a fall halfway down; arrest stops it at the ground
- There is no difference; both terms mean the same thing
Which is a limitation of personal fall protection equipment?
- It never needs to be inspected before or after each use
- It does not remove the hazard and depends on correct use
- It protects every worker in the area, not just the wearer
- It removes the fall hazard completely for everyone on the site
Why does working at heights training stress the hierarchy of controls?
- The hierarchy lets workers choose whichever control they like
- Removing or engineering out the hazard beats relying on PPE
- PPE is always the cheapest and therefore the best choice
- Guardrails are never allowed when harnesses are available
A worker could drown, and neither guardrails nor any fall protection method is reasonably possible. What must the worker wear?
- Rubber boots so the worker can wade out of the water
- A full body harness tied to the nearest tree on shore
- A hard hat with a chin strap and reflective tape
- A lifejacket or other adequate personal flotation device
A travel restraint system is not practicable on a sloped roof edge. Which method must be considered next?
- A safety net
- A warning sign at the edge
- A safety belt only
- A fall restricting system
What must an employer have before any worker uses a fall arrest system or a safety net?
- A photo of the worker's harness
- A signed waiver from the worker
- Written rescue procedures
- A second safety net below the first
Which is an example of a fall restraint (travel restriction) system?
- Equipment that stops you from reaching an edge
- A rescue plan for after a fall
- A net that catches you after a fall
- A harness that stops you partway through a fall
Washing windows from the ground with a reach pole instead of a ladder is an example of what?
- Eliminating the fall hazard
- Using personal protective equipment
- An administrative control only
- Substituting one ladder for another
Choosing protection: the hierarchy: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
required order of protection
- A worker exposed to a fall hazard under s. 26 must be protected by a guardrail system meeting s. 26.3.
- Only if a guardrail is not practicable, the worker is protected by the highest-ranked practicable method: 1. travel restraint system; 2. fall restricting system; 3. fall arrest system; 4. safety net.
- Components must be designed by an engineer to good engineering practice and meet the applicable CSA Z259 standards (body belts, fall arresters and vertical lifelines, self-retracting devices, descent control devices, full body harnesses, energy absorbers and lanyards, connecting components).
- Before any worker uses a fall arrest system or safety net, the employer must have written rescue procedures (s. 26.1(4)).
- Where drowning is possible and neither guardrails nor fall protection are reasonably possible, the worker wears a lifejacket or personal flotation device (s. 27).
Working at Heights Training Program Standard 9.1.3
- Learners apply the hierarchy of controls (elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering, administration, PPE) to choose the preferred way to work at heights.
- Personal protective equipment has limitations: it does not remove the hazard and depends on correct selection, fit, inspection and use.
CCOHS and WorkSafeBC examples
- Elimination example (CCOHS): using a reach pole to wash windows from the ground removes work at heights.
- Fall restraint systems keep you from falling (travel restriction, work positioning); fall arrest systems stop you after you fall. Consider guardrails or barriers first; they give a high degree of protection once installed (WorkSafeBC).
Study the Choosing protection: the hierarchy rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Who needs working at heights trainingWho must take approved training, the two modules, minimum hours, the 75 per cent written test, three-year validity, refresher training, records and proof.
- Roles, rights and responsibilitiesDuties of employers, constructors, supervisors, suppliers and workers for work at heights, the three worker rights, reporting fall hazards and site-specific training.
- Recognizing fall hazardsWhen Ontario's construction fall protection rules apply, falls into machinery, water or openings, fragile surfaces and skylights, how fast a fall happens, and safe work plans.
- Guardrails, coverings and barriersGuardrail heights, rails, toe boards, loads and post spacing, wood and wire rope guardrails, covers over openings, temporary removal, roof barriers and drowning hazards.
- LaddersPortable ladder grades, set-up angle, extension above the landing, step-ladder rules, three-point contact, inspection, fixed ladders and when not to use a ladder.
- Travel restraint, fall restricting and fall arrestWhat each system is made of and does, free-fall and force limits, inspection before each use, removing equipment after a fall, and safety nets.
- Harnesses, lanyards and connectorsFull body harnesses and safety belts, the fall arrest D-ring, lanyards and shock absorbers, carabiners and snap hooks, rope grabs, self-retracting lifelines, inspection and care.
- Vertical and horizontal lifelinesOne worker per vertical lifeline, positive stops, no knots or splices, protecting lifelines, engineered horizontal lifelines and their inspection.
- Anchor points and fixed supportsPermanent and temporary anchors, required strengths, sharp edges, the three types of anchor systems, and choosing safe anchor points.
- Fall distance, clearance and swing fallsFree fall, shock absorber extension, clearance below, bottoming out, the pendulum (swing-fall) effect, harness suspension and keeping tied off.
- Rescue planningWritten rescue procedures before using fall arrest or nets, roles in a fall rescue plan, site-specific plans, and rescue when workers may drown.