Working at Heights overview

Working at Heights: Guardrails, coverings and barriers

Guardrail heights, rails, toe boards, loads and post spacing, wood and wire rope guardrails, covers over openings, temporary removal, roof barriers and drowning hazards.

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Guardrails, coverings and barriers · Question 1Score 0/0

When may a guardrail around an opening be removed temporarily?

Study reference: Ontario working at heights sources (Oct 2026), Ch. 5 Guardrails, coverings and barriers — O. Reg. 213/91 ss. 26.3, 27, 207; Working at Heights Training Program Standard 9.1.4–9.1.5

All 16 questions in this test

Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.

  1. When may a guardrail around an opening be removed temporarily?

    1. At the end of each shift so the area can be cleaned
    2. Whenever it gets in the way of carrying long materials
    3. Only after the building inspector has signed off the job
    4. To work at the opening, with workers protected and signs up
  2. Posts of a guardrail are normally no more than how far apart, unless the system is built for greater loads?

    1. 1 metre only
    2. 10 metres
    3. 5 metres
    4. 2.4 metres
  3. On a built-up roof being constructed or resurfaced, where must a barrier be placed?

    1. Right at the roof edge, touching the parapet wall
    2. Nowhere; barriers are not used on roofs
    3. In the work area, at least 2 m from the roof perimeter
    4. At ground level around the building's base
  4. Which is acceptable to protect workers from an opening in a floor?

    1. A sheet of cardboard placed loosely on top of the hole for now
    2. A secured, identified cover able to support at least 2.4 kN/m²
    3. A note in the site office saying the hole exists
    4. A traffic cone set beside the opening during the day
  5. What is the minimum size of the posts and rails of a wooden guardrail?

    1. 19 mm by 38 mm
    2. 38 mm by 89 mm
    3. 10 mm round
    4. 89 mm by 140 mm
  6. At the perimeter of a work surface, how far may the guardrail be from the edge?

    1. No more than 1 metre from it
    2. No more than 300 millimetres
    3. At least 2 metres
    4. Exactly 600 millimetres
  7. Where must the intermediate rail be located?

    1. Midway between the top rail and the toe board
    2. Right on top of the toe board at floor level only
    3. Anywhere the installer finds convenient
    4. Above the top rail as an extra hand grip
  8. Which material may replace the intermediate rail of a guardrail?

    1. A painted line on the floor near the edge
    2. A row of traffic cones along the edge
    3. A single strand of plastic flagging tape
    4. Material that can withstand a 450 N point load
  9. What is the minimum diameter of wire rope used for a guardrail's top and intermediate rails?

    1. 10 millimetres
    2. 5 millimetres
    3. 25 millimetres
    4. 3 millimetres
  10. What should workers know before installing, relocating or removing guardrails?

    1. Nothing special; guardrail work is always risk-free at any height
    2. The precautions needed, since they may be exposed while doing it
    3. Only the brand name of the guardrail system being used
    4. Only how to paint the rails a highly visible colour
  11. Which is a limitation of bump lines and barriers set back from an edge?

    1. They replace the need for any training or supervision
    2. They warn or limit access but cannot stop a falling worker
    3. They are stronger than guardrails in every situation
    4. They prevent all falls even at the very edge itself
  12. How high must the top of a guardrail be above the surface?

    1. At least 1.5 m and not more than 2 m
    2. Any height, as long as it is painted
    3. At least 0.5 m and not more than 0.7 m
    4. At least 0.9 m and not more than 1.1 m
  13. What lateral point load must the top rail of a guardrail resist?

    1. 675 newtons
    2. 100 newtons
    3. 225 newtons
    4. 2,000 newtons
  14. What is the minimum height of a guardrail toe board?

    1. 1 metre
    2. 300 millimetres
    3. 25 millimetres
    4. 89 millimetres
  15. What three parts must a guardrail system have?

    1. A handrail, a kick plate and a mesh roof
    2. Two posts, a chain and a hanging warning sign
    3. A top rail, a warning flag and a rope barrier
    4. A top rail, an intermediate rail and a toe board
  16. Which wood is required for a wooden guardrail?

    1. Painted plywood offcuts of any grade
    2. Hardwood flooring left over from the job
    3. Construction-grade spruce, pine or fir
    4. Any scrap wood found on the site

Guardrails, coverings and barriers: key rules to remember

Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗

guardrail specifications

  • A guardrail has a top rail, an intermediate rail and a toe board.
  • The top of the guardrail is at least 0.9 m and not more than 1.1 m above the surface.
  • The intermediate rail is midway between the top rail and the toe board; it may be replaced by material that can withstand a 450 N point load.
  • The toe board is at least 89 mm high.
  • At the perimeter of a work surface, the guardrail is no more than 300 mm from the edge.
  • Loads it must resist: 675 N lateral on the top rail; 450 N downward on the top rail; 450 N on the intermediate rail; 225 N lateral on the toe board.
  • Posts may be more than 2.4 m apart only if the system resists proportionally greater loads.
  • Wood guardrails: spruce, pine or fir of construction grade, no splinters or protruding nails, posts and rails at least 38 mm by 89 mm, posts no more than 2.4 m apart.
  • Wire rope guardrails: rope at least 10 mm in diameter kept taut by a turnbuckle; vertical separators no more than 2.4 m apart and horizontal supports no more than 9 m apart; deflection must not extend beyond the edge.

Openings and temporary removal

  • An opening in a work surface needs a guardrail or a protective covering that completely covers it, is securely fastened, is identified as covering an opening, and can support at least 2.4 kN per square metre.
  • A guardrail or covering may be removed temporarily to work at the opening if workers are adequately protected and warning signs are posted.

Roofs and water

  • On a built-up roof being constructed, repaired or resurfaced, a barrier is placed in the immediate work area at least 2 m from the roof perimeter (s. 207).
  • Where a worker may drown: at least two workers trained in rescue, rescue equipment on or near the project (a seaworthy boat with a lifebuoy on a buoyant line at least 15 m long, a boat hook, and an alarm), and all workers told the rescue procedures (s. 27).

Program standard 9.1.4–9.1.5

  • Learners describe warning methods and physical barriers, the uses of permanent and temporary guardrails, bump lines and safety nets and their limitations, and precautions when installing, moving or removing guardrails or coverings.

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