Ontario Food Handler overview

Ontario Food Handler: Legislation and inspections

Federal, provincial and municipal roles; the Health Protection and Promotion Act and public health inspector powers; Ontario Regulation 493/17 duties such as the certified food handler rule, posting inspection results and keeping records; risk-based inspections and HACCP food safety management.

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Legislation and inspections · Question 1Score 0/0

What can an order under the HPPA require a food premise to do?

Study reference: Food Safety: A Guide for Ontario's Foodhandlers (MOHLTC, updated January 2017), Ch. 1 Introduction — food safety legislation, inspections, responsibilities; Ch. 10 Food Safety Management

All 28 questions in this test

Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.

  1. What can an order under the HPPA require a food premise to do?

    1. Pay every customer a refund for the day
    2. Close until a health hazard is fixed
    3. Hire a new head chef
    4. Change its menu prices
  2. Which three levels of government regulate food safety in Ontario?

    1. Municipal, private and federal
    2. Federal, regional and school board
    3. Provincial, union and federal
    4. Federal, provincial and municipal
  3. After an inspection, what must the operator do with the results?

    1. Mail them to every customer
    2. Throw them out after a week
    3. Keep them hidden in the office
    4. Post them as the inspector requests
  4. Under the Food Premises Regulation, which use of a food preparation room is not allowed?

    1. Storing clean utensils
    2. Sleeping in it
    3. Washing dishes
    4. Keeping a handwash sink
  5. Which factor is considered when a public health inspector sets a premise's risk level?

    1. The number of tables outside
    2. Whether certified food handlers are present
    3. The colour of the staff uniforms
    4. How long the owner has lived in the neighbourhood
  6. Under Ontario's Food Premises Regulation, how often must a trained food handler or supervisor be on site at a restaurant?

    1. Only during the lunch rush
    2. During every hour it is operating
    3. One day a week
    4. Only when an inspector visits
  7. Why should temperature logs be simple and posted near the equipment?

    1. Logs must be kept outdoors
    2. It looks better to customers
    3. Inspectors only read logs that are posted on the wall
    4. Hard-to-use records tempt staff to fake numbers
  8. An inspector finds a case of spoiled meat that is a health hazard. What power lets them dispose of it on the spot?

    1. The power of licensing
    2. The power of destruction
    3. The power of entry
    4. The power of zoning
  9. Which level of government makes by-laws on business licensing and zoning for restaurants?

    1. International
    2. Provincial
    3. Municipal
    4. Federal
  10. Which training meets the regulation's definition of food handler training?

    1. A general first aid course
    2. A health unit course or Ministry-recognized equivalent
    3. On-the-job tips from an experienced co-worker during a shift
    4. Any online video about cooking
  11. In HACCP, "cook chicken parts to at least 74 °C" is an example of what?

    1. A documentation rule
    2. A verification step
    3. A critical limit
    4. A hazard analysis
  12. In Toronto's DineSafe program, what notice is given when only minor or no infractions are found?

    1. A Pass notice
    2. A Closed notice
    3. A Conditional Pass notice
    4. A Summons notice
  13. The HACCP system was originally developed for whom?

    1. Fast-food chains in the 1990s
    2. Ontario school cafeterias
    3. The Canadian army
    4. NASA, for food for astronauts
  14. What can a public health inspector do if they see an immediate health hazard during an inspection?

    1. Nothing until the next visit
    2. Ask customers to leave a review
    3. Close the premise or issue tickets
    4. Only give a verbal warning
  15. Does a public health inspector need a warrant to enter a restaurant during business hours?

    1. Only with police present
    2. No, the HPPA gives a power of entry
    3. Yes, a warrant is always needed
    4. Only if the owner agrees in writing
  16. An inspector wants a suspect sauce tested in a lab. Which HPPA power applies?

    1. The power of seizure
    2. The power of destruction
    3. The power of entry
    4. The power of arrest
  17. Who usually carries out HACCP verification?

    1. Someone not involved in the monitoring
    2. The delivery driver
    3. The same person who does the daily monitoring
    4. A customer chosen at random
  18. Who counts as a "food handler" under the Ontario regulation?

    1. An employee who handles food or utensils
    2. Only the head chef
    3. Only the owner or a manager of the business
    4. Only staff who work the cash
  19. A restaurant is assessed as high risk. At least how many routine inspections a year will it get?

    1. Three
    2. Two
    3. Twelve
    4. One
  20. What is the main federal law that sets standards for all food produced and sold in Canada?

    1. The Highway Traffic Act
    2. The Municipal Act
    3. The Food and Drugs Act
    4. The Health Protection and Promotion Act
  21. Which finding is a crucial infraction that can lead to an Order to Close?

    1. Peeling paint far from food
    2. A hairnet not worn by one cook
    3. A cracked floor tile
    4. No hot and cold running water
  22. After a Conditional Pass in Toronto, how soon does the inspector usually come back?

    1. Within 6 months
    2. Within one year
    3. Never, unless there is a complaint
    4. Within 24 to 48 hours
  23. Which Ontario law gives public health inspectors their powers over food premises?

    1. The Liquor Licence Act
    2. The Building Code Act
    3. The Food and Drugs Act and its regulations
    4. The Health Protection and Promotion Act
  24. Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting food at the federal level?

    1. The municipal by-law office
    2. The Ontario Ministry of Labour
    3. The local public health unit
    4. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency
  25. What is the first principle of HACCP?

    1. Conduct a hazard analysis
    2. Take corrective action
    3. Write the records
    4. Verify the system
  26. Who is responsible for keeping food safe in a food premise?

    1. Only the head cook
    2. Only the owner
    3. Only the public health inspector
    4. Everyone who works there
  27. Monitoring shows a whole chicken has not reached 82 °C. What is the corrective action?

    1. Lower the oven temperature
    2. Keep cooking until it reaches 82 °C
    3. Serve it with a warning
    4. Record it and serve it anyway
  28. What does HACCP stand for?

    1. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
    2. Hygiene Act for Canadian Cooks
    3. Hot and Cold Cooking Procedure
    4. Health and Cleaning Control Plan

Legislation and inspections: key rules to remember

Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗

Food safety legislation (three levels of government)

  • Federal: Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA, created April 1997) inspects food federally; main federal law is the Food and Drugs Act (standards for all food produced and sold in Canada).
  • Provincial: Health Protection and Promotion Act, 1990 (HPPA) and the Food Premises Regulation. (The 2017 guide cites O. Reg. 562, since replaced by O. Reg. 493/17.)
  • Municipal: by-laws (licensing, garbage, sewage, building standards, zoning), enforced by by-law officers.

HPPA powers of the MOH and public health inspector

  • Power of entry (s. 41): enter any place of business during normal hours without a warrant.
  • Power of seizure (s. 19): seize anything suspected of being a health hazard for testing.
  • Power of destruction (s. 19): destroy or dispose of food that is a health hazard immediately.
  • Power to make an order (s. 13): verbal or written; can require someone to stop doing something; can close the premises until the hazard is fixed.

Public health inspectors

  • PHIs enforce the HPPA and the Food Premises Regulation through routine inspections; also investigate foodborne illness, complaints, recalls, fires, floods.
  • Immediate health hazard → may close the premise and/or issue tickets under the Provincial Offences Act.
  • Risk assessment at the first inspection each year: high, moderate or low risk → at least three, two or one inspections a year. Factors: compliance history, population served, number of preparation steps, certified food handlers present, food safety plan.

Responsibilities

  • Food safety is everyone's responsibility, owner to dishwasher; food handlers must know and follow the rules.

O. Reg. 493/17 (current)

  • s. 1: "food handler" = anyone employed in a food premise who handles or contacts food or utensils; "food handler training" = training by a board of health or a Ministry-recognized equivalent program; "food service premise" = meals prepared for immediate consumption.
  • s. 5: notice to start operating a food premise includes name, contact information and location.
  • s. 6: post inspection results as the inspector requests.
  • s. 32: operator of a food service premise ensures at least one food handler or supervisor who has completed food handler training is on the premises during every hour of operation.
  • s. 24: no change to sanitary facility floor space, toilets or washbasins without written PHI approval.
  • s. 7(1)(b): no room where food is handled may be used for sleeping.

About DineSafe (2026)

  • Pass (green): minor or no infractions. Conditional Pass: one or more significant infractions; re-inspection within 24–48 hours. Closed: crucial infractions not corrected immediately; Order to Close.
  • Crucial examples: no hot and cold running water, infestation, inadequate refrigeration, sewage back-up, no potable water, contaminated food. Most recent notice must be posted at or near the main entrance.

Food safety management (HACCP)

  • HACCP = Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point; self-inspection system for physical, chemical, biological and allergen hazards; originally developed for NASA.
  • Seven principles: hazard analysis; determine CCPs; set critical limits; monitor; corrective action; verification; documentation/records.
  • Example critical limits: chicken parts to 74 °C; cooling 60→20 °C in 2 h then →4 °C in 4 h; handwashing between raw and ready-to-eat.
  • Monitoring: measurable, recordable, who and how often. Verification: a double check, usually by someone not doing the monitoring, less often than monitoring.
  • Records should be easy to use (logs posted on equipment); hard-to-use records tempt staff to write numbers without measuring.

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