What can an order under the HPPA require a food premise to do?
Ontario Food Handler: Legislation and inspections
Federal, provincial and municipal roles; the Health Protection and Promotion Act and public health inspector powers; Ontario Regulation 493/17 duties such as the certified food handler rule, posting inspection results and keeping records; risk-based inspections and HACCP food safety management.
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- 28 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: Food Safety: A Guide for Ontario's Foodhandlers (MOHLTC, updated January 2017), Ch. 1 Introduction — food safety legislation, inspections, responsibilities; Ch. 10 Food Safety Management
All 28 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
What can an order under the HPPA require a food premise to do?
- Pay every customer a refund for the day
- Close until a health hazard is fixed
- Hire a new head chef
- Change its menu prices
Which three levels of government regulate food safety in Ontario?
- Municipal, private and federal
- Federal, regional and school board
- Provincial, union and federal
- Federal, provincial and municipal
After an inspection, what must the operator do with the results?
- Mail them to every customer
- Throw them out after a week
- Keep them hidden in the office
- Post them as the inspector requests
Under the Food Premises Regulation, which use of a food preparation room is not allowed?
- Storing clean utensils
- Sleeping in it
- Washing dishes
- Keeping a handwash sink
Which factor is considered when a public health inspector sets a premise's risk level?
- The number of tables outside
- Whether certified food handlers are present
- The colour of the staff uniforms
- How long the owner has lived in the neighbourhood
Under Ontario's Food Premises Regulation, how often must a trained food handler or supervisor be on site at a restaurant?
- Only during the lunch rush
- During every hour it is operating
- One day a week
- Only when an inspector visits
Why should temperature logs be simple and posted near the equipment?
- Logs must be kept outdoors
- It looks better to customers
- Inspectors only read logs that are posted on the wall
- Hard-to-use records tempt staff to fake numbers
An inspector finds a case of spoiled meat that is a health hazard. What power lets them dispose of it on the spot?
- The power of licensing
- The power of destruction
- The power of entry
- The power of zoning
Which level of government makes by-laws on business licensing and zoning for restaurants?
- International
- Provincial
- Municipal
- Federal
Which training meets the regulation's definition of food handler training?
- A general first aid course
- A health unit course or Ministry-recognized equivalent
- On-the-job tips from an experienced co-worker during a shift
- Any online video about cooking
In HACCP, "cook chicken parts to at least 74 °C" is an example of what?
- A documentation rule
- A verification step
- A critical limit
- A hazard analysis
In Toronto's DineSafe program, what notice is given when only minor or no infractions are found?
- A Pass notice
- A Closed notice
- A Conditional Pass notice
- A Summons notice
The HACCP system was originally developed for whom?
- Fast-food chains in the 1990s
- Ontario school cafeterias
- The Canadian army
- NASA, for food for astronauts
What can a public health inspector do if they see an immediate health hazard during an inspection?
- Nothing until the next visit
- Ask customers to leave a review
- Close the premise or issue tickets
- Only give a verbal warning
Does a public health inspector need a warrant to enter a restaurant during business hours?
- Only with police present
- No, the HPPA gives a power of entry
- Yes, a warrant is always needed
- Only if the owner agrees in writing
An inspector wants a suspect sauce tested in a lab. Which HPPA power applies?
- The power of seizure
- The power of destruction
- The power of entry
- The power of arrest
Who usually carries out HACCP verification?
- Someone not involved in the monitoring
- The delivery driver
- The same person who does the daily monitoring
- A customer chosen at random
Who counts as a "food handler" under the Ontario regulation?
- An employee who handles food or utensils
- Only the head chef
- Only the owner or a manager of the business
- Only staff who work the cash
A restaurant is assessed as high risk. At least how many routine inspections a year will it get?
- Three
- Two
- Twelve
- One
What is the main federal law that sets standards for all food produced and sold in Canada?
- The Highway Traffic Act
- The Municipal Act
- The Food and Drugs Act
- The Health Protection and Promotion Act
Which finding is a crucial infraction that can lead to an Order to Close?
- Peeling paint far from food
- A hairnet not worn by one cook
- A cracked floor tile
- No hot and cold running water
After a Conditional Pass in Toronto, how soon does the inspector usually come back?
- Within 6 months
- Within one year
- Never, unless there is a complaint
- Within 24 to 48 hours
Which Ontario law gives public health inspectors their powers over food premises?
- The Liquor Licence Act
- The Building Code Act
- The Food and Drugs Act and its regulations
- The Health Protection and Promotion Act
Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting food at the federal level?
- The municipal by-law office
- The Ontario Ministry of Labour
- The local public health unit
- The Canadian Food Inspection Agency
What is the first principle of HACCP?
- Conduct a hazard analysis
- Take corrective action
- Write the records
- Verify the system
Who is responsible for keeping food safe in a food premise?
- Only the head cook
- Only the owner
- Only the public health inspector
- Everyone who works there
Monitoring shows a whole chicken has not reached 82 °C. What is the corrective action?
- Lower the oven temperature
- Keep cooking until it reaches 82 °C
- Serve it with a warning
- Record it and serve it anyway
What does HACCP stand for?
- Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
- Hygiene Act for Canadian Cooks
- Hot and Cold Cooking Procedure
- Health and Cleaning Control Plan
Legislation and inspections: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Food safety legislation (three levels of government)
- Federal: Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA, created April 1997) inspects food federally; main federal law is the Food and Drugs Act (standards for all food produced and sold in Canada).
- Provincial: Health Protection and Promotion Act, 1990 (HPPA) and the Food Premises Regulation. (The 2017 guide cites O. Reg. 562, since replaced by O. Reg. 493/17.)
- Municipal: by-laws (licensing, garbage, sewage, building standards, zoning), enforced by by-law officers.
HPPA powers of the MOH and public health inspector
- Power of entry (s. 41): enter any place of business during normal hours without a warrant.
- Power of seizure (s. 19): seize anything suspected of being a health hazard for testing.
- Power of destruction (s. 19): destroy or dispose of food that is a health hazard immediately.
- Power to make an order (s. 13): verbal or written; can require someone to stop doing something; can close the premises until the hazard is fixed.
Public health inspectors
- PHIs enforce the HPPA and the Food Premises Regulation through routine inspections; also investigate foodborne illness, complaints, recalls, fires, floods.
- Immediate health hazard → may close the premise and/or issue tickets under the Provincial Offences Act.
- Risk assessment at the first inspection each year: high, moderate or low risk → at least three, two or one inspections a year. Factors: compliance history, population served, number of preparation steps, certified food handlers present, food safety plan.
Responsibilities
- Food safety is everyone's responsibility, owner to dishwasher; food handlers must know and follow the rules.
O. Reg. 493/17 (current)
- s. 1: "food handler" = anyone employed in a food premise who handles or contacts food or utensils; "food handler training" = training by a board of health or a Ministry-recognized equivalent program; "food service premise" = meals prepared for immediate consumption.
- s. 5: notice to start operating a food premise includes name, contact information and location.
- s. 6: post inspection results as the inspector requests.
- s. 32: operator of a food service premise ensures at least one food handler or supervisor who has completed food handler training is on the premises during every hour of operation.
- s. 24: no change to sanitary facility floor space, toilets or washbasins without written PHI approval.
- s. 7(1)(b): no room where food is handled may be used for sleeping.
About DineSafe (2026)
- Pass (green): minor or no infractions. Conditional Pass: one or more significant infractions; re-inspection within 24–48 hours. Closed: crucial infractions not corrected immediately; Order to Close.
- Crucial examples: no hot and cold running water, infestation, inadequate refrigeration, sewage back-up, no potable water, contaminated food. Most recent notice must be posted at or near the main entrance.
Food safety management (HACCP)
- HACCP = Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point; self-inspection system for physical, chemical, biological and allergen hazards; originally developed for NASA.
- Seven principles: hazard analysis; determine CCPs; set critical limits; monitor; corrective action; verification; documentation/records.
- Example critical limits: chicken parts to 74 °C; cooling 60→20 °C in 2 h then →4 °C in 4 h; handwashing between raw and ready-to-eat.
- Monitoring: measurable, recordable, who and how often. Verification: a double check, usually by someone not doing the monitoring, less often than monitoring.
- Records should be easy to use (logs posted on equipment); hard-to-use records tempt staff to write numbers without measuring.
Other topics
- Foodborne illness and hazardsWhat foodborne illness is, its symptoms and who is most at risk; chemical, physical, allergen and microbiological hazards; bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, moulds and yeasts; infections versus toxins, spores, carriers, infectious dose and what bacteria need to grow; handling a customer illness complaint.
- Personal hygiene and handwashingClean outer clothing, hair restraints, jewellery and nails; when and how to wash hands (the six steps); no-touch techniques and glove use; covering cuts; reporting illness and staying off work until 24 hours after symptoms stop.
- Time and temperature controlThe 4 °C to 60 °C danger zone, potentially hazardous foods, using and calibrating a probe thermometer, freezer and fridge temperatures, safe thawing methods, preparation at room temperature, and hot, cold and two-hour room-temperature holding.
- Receiving and storageInspecting deliveries: temperatures, cans, packaging, meat, fish, shellfish, eggs, dairy, MAP and dry goods; rejecting a shipment; storing food off the floor, away from chemicals and in food-grade containers; FIFO stock rotation.
- Cooking, cooling and reheatingMinimum internal cooking temperatures for poultry, ground meat, pork, fish and food mixtures; the two-stage cooling rule (60 °C to 20 °C in 2 hours, then to 4 °C in 4 more); shallow pans and ice baths; reheating quickly to a safe temperature.
- Cross-contamination and allergensThe three routes of cross-contamination, fridge shelf order, separate or colour-coded equipment, safe display, serving and tasting; priority food allergens, anaphylaxis, allergen contamination and how to answer customers' ingredient questions.
- Cleaning and sanitizingThe difference between cleaning and sanitizing; chlorine, quat and iodine strengths; 77 °C hot water and 45-second contact; three- and two-compartment sinks; dishwasher temperatures; cutting boards, tables, equipment, handwash sinks, washrooms and garbage.
- Pest controlSigns and habits of cockroaches, flies, stored-product insects and rodents; integrated pest management; pest-proofing and sanitation; safe use of chemical controls; keeping pest control records for one year.