OSSLT Practice Test 6

All 25 questions in this test

Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.

1. Which sentence uses the apostrophe correctly?

   1. The students's lockers were painted blue.
   2. The students' lockers were painted blue.
   3. The students lockers' were painted blue.
   4. The student's lockers' were painted blue.

2. AMIRA: Okay, our science fair proposal is due Friday. Ideas? JONAH: Volcanoes. Baking soda, vinegar, red food colouring. Done in an afternoon. AMIRA: Jonah, three groups do volcanoes every year. Ms. Pereira said she wants a real question we can test. JONAH: Fine, fine. What's your idea, then? AMIRA: I was thinking we could test which brand of paper towel absorbs the most water. JONAH: That's... okay, I guess. Kind of like a commercial. AMIRA: Felix, you've been quiet. What do you think? FELIX: Well, I have one idea, but it might be too complicated. AMIRA: Tell us anyway. FELIX: My mom puts used coffee grounds in her garden because she says they help plants grow. My little sister asked if that's really true, and nobody knew. We could grow bean plants with different amounts of coffee grounds in the soil and measure how tall they get. JONAH: Wait, that's actually cool. We could take a picture every day and make a time-lapse video. AMIRA: And it's a real question. Felix, why did you think it was too complicated? FELIX: Beans take a few weeks to grow. The fair is in five weeks, so we'd have to start right away. AMIRA: Then we start right away. I can bring pots and soil from my aunt's greenhouse. JONAH: I'll set up the camera and make the time-lapse. And I'll do the poster. I'm good at big letters. FELIX: I can measure the plants and keep the data chart. AMIRA: Great. I'll write the proposal tonight and send it to you both to check. JONAH: Ha. And I came in here ready to do volcanoes. FELIX: There's always next year.

   What will Amira most likely do on the evening after the science fair discussion?

   1. Buy coffee and bean seeds at the grocery store
   2. Set up a camera to film the bean plants
   3. Write the proposal and send it to the others
   4. Ask Ms. Pereira to approve a volcano project

3. Jordan had played trumpet in the Lakeview Secondary band for two years, always in the third row, always blending in. So when Ms. Moreau announced that the spring concert would include a short solo, he did not expect her to look at him. "Jordan," she said, "I think you're ready." Everyone turned around. His stomach dropped. The solo was only sixteen bars long, but it ended on a high G that Jordan could hit about half the time. For three weeks, he practised in the garage after supper so he would not bother his family. He recorded himself on his phone and listened back, wincing at every cracked note. His older cousin Dev, who played in a jazz group in Toronto, gave him advice over a video call. "Stop thinking about the high note," Dev said. "Think about the phrase before it. If the path is smooth, the top takes care of itself." On the night of the concert, the school gym was full. Jordan could see his grandmother in the second row, holding up her phone to record. When his solo began, his hands were damp, but the first notes came out clear and warm. He reached the last phrase, took a breath and aimed for the high G. It cracked. It was not a small crack, either, but a sound like a goose with a cold. A few students in the audience giggled. For one terrible second, Jordan wanted to put down his trumpet and walk off the stage. Instead, he remembered something Ms. Moreau said at every rehearsal: "The music keeps going, so you keep going." He lowered the trumpet, caught his breath and played the final phrase one more time. This time, the high G rang out across the gym, steady and bright. After the concert, Jordan expected people to talk about the crack. Some did. But more of them talked about the second try. His grandmother said it was the best part of the whole evening, because "anyone can play a note, but not everyone can come back for it." That night, Jordan added a new recording to his phone. It was not perfect. He listened to it three times anyway.

   In the story about Jordan's trumpet solo, how did he prepare for the spring concert?

   1. He practised alone in the gym every morning
   2. He rehearsed with his cousin's jazz group
   3. He took extra private lessons after school with Ms. Moreau
   4. He practised in the garage and recorded himself

4. Volunteers Pull 300 Kilograms of Litter From Cedar Hollow Creek CEDAR HOLLOW — More than 80 volunteers waded into Cedar Hollow Creek on Sunday morning and removed about 300 kilograms of litter from a two-kilometre stretch of the stream. The Cedar Hollow Naturalists Club organized the cleanup to protect the brook trout that lay their eggs in the creek each fall. Volunteers wore rubber boots and gloves and worked in teams of four. Their haul included plastic bottles, a shopping cart, three bicycle tires and a rusty mailbox. "Every piece of garbage we pull out is one less thing in the way of the fish," said club president Helen Tremblay. "Brook trout need clean, cold water and loose gravel to lay their eggs." The creek has been cleaned every spring since 2019. Tremblay said the amount of litter has dropped each year, from about 500 kilograms in the first year to this year's total. She believes new signs along the trail and extra garbage cans near the bridge have made a difference. Grade 9 student Omar Haddad, 14, joined the cleanup to earn volunteer hours, but he said he plans to come back next year anyway. "I didn't expect it to be fun," he said. "Finding the mailbox was the best part of my weekend." Not everyone thinks the cleanup is enough. Brian Kowalski, who lives beside the creek, said the town should also stop salt from roads draining into the water in winter. "Picking up bottles is great, but the salt is the bigger problem," he said. The town's environment committee will discuss road salt at its meeting on May 8. All the garbage collected on Sunday was sorted, and about one-third of it was recycled. The club will hold its next cleanup on the Ashby River in September.

   According to the Cedar Hollow Creek report, about how much litter did volunteers remove in the first year of cleanups?

   1. About 300 kilograms
   2. About 500 kilograms
   3. About 200 kilograms
   4. About 80 kilograms

5. The alarm on my phone went off at 5:15 a.m., and for a second I forgot why. Then I remembered: my first shift at Lindqvist's Bakery on George Street. I had applied in March, mostly because my older sister said a job would look good on my résumé, and partly because I wanted to save for a used bike. Mrs. Lindqvist met me at the back door with an apron and a smile. "The ovens are already hot," she said. "Watch first, then try." For the first hour, I washed mixing bowls and carried bags of flour from the storeroom. Each bag weighed ten kilograms, and by the fourth one my arms were shaking. At seven o'clock, she let me move a tray of butter tarts from the cooling rack to the front counter. I was so focused on not tripping that I forgot the door between the kitchen and the shop swung both ways. It hit the edge of the tray, and six tarts slid onto the floor. I stood there with my face burning. I was sure she would tell me to go home and never come back. Instead, she picked up a broom and handed me a dustpan. "Everyone drops something on the first day," she said. "I once dropped a whole wedding cake. Now you know about the door." Then she showed me how to push it open with my shoulder while keeping the tray level. After that, I started asking questions before I did things. How long should the bread cool before slicing? Which shelf do the gluten-free muffins go on? Mrs. Lindqvist never seemed annoyed. In fact, she seemed pleased, and once she said, "A question costs nothing. A mistake costs butter." By the time my shift ended at noon, I had sliced forty loaves, served my first customer and counted change without help. My feet ached, and there was flour in my hair. On the walk home, I passed the bike shop and looked at the blue bike in the window. It still cost $240, which felt like a mountain. But for the first time, I could picture myself climbing it, one early Saturday at a time.

   Which lesson from Daniel's first day at the bakery could a reader use when starting a new job or activity?

   1. Mistakes should be kept hidden from a supervisor
   2. It is safest to avoid tasks you have not tried
   3. Asking questions early can prevent mistakes
   4. Working fast is the best way to impress others

6. Which sentence keeps the verb tense consistent?

   1. She opens the door and turned on the light.
   2. She opened the door and turned on the light.
   3. She opened the door and turns on the light.
   4. She will open the door and turned on the light.

7. Prompt: Should students be required to complete volunteer hours to graduate? I think volunteering is good and also maybe not. Volunteering is a thing lots of people do. My neighbour volunteers and she likes it. Volunteering can be good because it is good to help. People should help other people. Helping is important in life and in the world. But sometimes students are busy. They have homework and things. Also some people like soccer. Soccer is my favourite sport and our team won last year. So volunteering is good but students are busy. In conclusion that is my opinion about volunteering.

   Which change would most improve the weak essay on volunteer hours?

   1. Write the same paragraph a second time
   2. Add the word 'important' to more sentences
   3. Choose one side and support it with specific examples
   4. Move the conclusion to the start of the essay

8. North Ashby Library Opens Shelves Full of Tools NORTH ASHBY — Residents of North Ashby can now borrow a drill, a ladder or a pressure washer as easily as they borrow a novel. The North Ashby Public Library opened its new tool-lending collection on Tuesday, offering more than 120 tools free of charge to anyone with a library card. The collection fills a former storage room at the back of the library. Its shelves hold power drills, garden tools, a sewing machine, camping stoves and even a set of snowshoes. Most items can be borrowed for one week. Library director Simone Achterberg said the idea came from a survey the library ran last winter. More than 60 per cent of the residents who answered said they had bought a tool they used only once or twice. "A family should not have to spend $200 on a tile cutter for one bathroom project," Achterberg said. "Sharing makes much more sense." About two-thirds of the tools were donated by residents. The rest were bought with a $9,000 community grant. Retired carpenter Walter Bianchi, 71, checks every returned tool and sharpens the blades each Friday. "I spent 40 years taking care of tools," Bianchi said. "Now I get to help my neighbours use them safely." The first borrower on Tuesday was Grade 12 student Ava Lindqvist, who took out a hedge trimmer so she can earn money doing yard work this summer. "I couldn't afford to buy one," she said. "Now I can start my business this weekend." Borrowers must be at least 18 or have a parent or guardian sign their card. A short safety video is required before anyone takes out a power tool. The library will accept more tool donations in good working condition until the end of June. A full list of available tools is posted on the library's website.

   What can readers infer about retired carpenter Walter Bianchi from the North Ashby tool library report?

   1. He is proud to use his skills to help others
   2. He wants to be paid for repairing the tools
   3. He donated most of the tools in the collection
   4. He has little experience working with blades

9. The Rideau Canal, which links Ottawa and Kingston, is one of the oldest canals in North America that is still in use. It was built between 1826 and 1832, not long after the War of 1812, when British leaders worried about a possible attack from the United States. At the time, supplies travelling between Montréal and Kingston had to move along the St. Lawrence River, close to the American border. The canal offered a safer inland route. Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers led the project, and thousands of workers, many of them Irish and French-Canadian labourers, cut through forests, swamps and rock with simple tools. Their work was dangerous, and many fell ill with malaria, a disease that was common in the region's swamps at the time. Instead of digging one long channel, the builders connected existing rivers and lakes and used locks and dams to raise and lower boats along a route of about 200 kilometres. The attack that the canal was meant to defend against never came. Over time, the canal became a route for trade and, later, for pleasure boating. In 2007, it was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, in winter, part of the canal in Ottawa becomes a long skating path, giving one of Canada's oldest engineering projects a new purpose.

   Which conclusion is best supported by the paragraph about the Rideau Canal?

   1. The canal was used to defend Kingston from an American attack
   2. Most of the canal's workers were trained engineers
   3. The canal is valued today for reasons other than its first purpose
   4. The canal can no longer be used by any boats

10. North Ashby Library Opens Shelves Full of Tools NORTH ASHBY — Residents of North Ashby can now borrow a drill, a ladder or a pressure washer as easily as they borrow a novel. The North Ashby Public Library opened its new tool-lending collection on Tuesday, offering more than 120 tools free of charge to anyone with a library card. The collection fills a former storage room at the back of the library. Its shelves hold power drills, garden tools, a sewing machine, camping stoves and even a set of snowshoes. Most items can be borrowed for one week. Library director Simone Achterberg said the idea came from a survey the library ran last winter. More than 60 per cent of the residents who answered said they had bought a tool they used only once or twice. "A family should not have to spend $200 on a tile cutter for one bathroom project," Achterberg said. "Sharing makes much more sense." About two-thirds of the tools were donated by residents. The rest were bought with a $9,000 community grant. Retired carpenter Walter Bianchi, 71, checks every returned tool and sharpens the blades each Friday. "I spent 40 years taking care of tools," Bianchi said. "Now I get to help my neighbours use them safely." The first borrower on Tuesday was Grade 12 student Ava Lindqvist, who took out a hedge trimmer so she can earn money doing yard work this summer. "I couldn't afford to buy one," she said. "Now I can start my business this weekend." Borrowers must be at least 18 or have a parent or guardian sign their card. A short safety video is required before anyone takes out a power tool. The library will accept more tool donations in good working condition until the end of June. A full list of available tools is posted on the library's website.

    Why does the reporter include Ava Lindqvist's comments in the North Ashby tool library report?

    1. To give a real example of how the collection helps someone
    2. To explain why the hedge trimmer is the most popular tool there
    3. To prove that the library needs more garden tools for teenagers
    4. To show that students are the library's most frequent borrowers

11. I signed up to volunteer at Maple Grove Residence because it was close to my house and I needed my forty community involvement hours to graduate. Honestly, I expected to spend my Tuesdays folding towels. Instead, the activity coordinator, Mr. Asante, handed me a tablet and a list of names. "Leah, some of our residents want to video-call their families," he said. "They need a patient teacher." My first student was Mr. Bellamy, who was eighty-seven and had worked as an engineer for the railway. His granddaughter, Hannah, had moved to Vancouver for university, and he had not seen her face in almost a year. When I gave him the tablet, he held it at arm's length as if it might bite. The first Tuesday did not go well. He pressed the screen too hard, then too lightly. He called Hannah three times by accident and hung up on her twice. By the end of the hour, he pushed the tablet back to me and said, "Some things are not meant for old dogs." I almost agreed with him. But on the bus home, I thought about how I had learned to ride a bike. My dad had not explained everything at once; he had shown me one small thing at a time. The next week, I wrote three steps on an index card in large letters: 1. Tap the green circle. 2. Find Hannah's name. 3. Wait and smile. Mr. Bellamy studied the card the way he probably once studied train schedules. He followed each step slowly. On the second ring, Hannah's face filled the screen. "Grandpa!" she shouted, so loudly that a nurse looked in to check on us. Mr. Bellamy did not say anything for a moment. Then he laughed and told Hannah she needed a haircut. I finished my forty hours by March, but I kept going on Tuesdays. Now Mr. Bellamy calls Hannah on his own, and he has started teaching me something in return: how to play cribbage. I lose almost every game. He says I need a card with three steps.

    How does the relationship between Leah and Mr. Bellamy change by the end of the story?

    1. It ends as soon as Leah completes her required forty hours
    2. It grows from a teaching task into a friendship in which both learn
    3. It becomes tense because the first lessons go poorly
    4. It stays the same, with Leah always as the teacher

12. The Rideau Canal, which links Ottawa and Kingston, is one of the oldest canals in North America that is still in use. It was built between 1826 and 1832, not long after the War of 1812, when British leaders worried about a possible attack from the United States. At the time, supplies travelling between Montréal and Kingston had to move along the St. Lawrence River, close to the American border. The canal offered a safer inland route. Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers led the project, and thousands of workers, many of them Irish and French-Canadian labourers, cut through forests, swamps and rock with simple tools. Their work was dangerous, and many fell ill with malaria, a disease that was common in the region's swamps at the time. Instead of digging one long channel, the builders connected existing rivers and lakes and used locks and dams to raise and lower boats along a route of about 200 kilometres. The attack that the canal was meant to defend against never came. Over time, the canal became a route for trade and, later, for pleasure boating. In 2007, it was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, in winter, part of the canal in Ottawa becomes a long skating path, giving one of Canada's oldest engineering projects a new purpose.

    What is the main idea of the paragraph about the history of the Rideau Canal?

    1. Skating is a popular winter activity in the city of Ottawa
    2. The War of 1812 was fought along the St. Lawrence River
    3. Workers who built the Rideau Canal faced many serious dangers
    4. A canal built for defence has found new uses over time

13. (1) Many students think a garden needs a big backyard. (2) In fact, a balcony or a sunny window can grow plenty of food. (3) Cherry tomatoes, lettuce and herbs all do well in pots. (4) ___, a container garden needs less weeding than a garden in the ground. (5) With a few pots and some soil, almost anyone can start growing vegetables this spring.

    Which sentence would best follow sentence 3 in the container-garden paragraph?

    1. Gardening has been popular for thousands of years.
    2. My uncle owns a farm with forty dairy cows.
    3. Tomatoes were once thought to be poisonous.
    4. Even a single pot of basil can flavour many meals.

14. Prompt: Should students be required to complete volunteer hours to graduate? I think volunteering is good and also maybe not. Volunteering is a thing lots of people do. My neighbour volunteers and she likes it. Volunteering can be good because it is good to help. People should help other people. Helping is important in life and in the world. But sometimes students are busy. They have homework and things. Also some people like soccer. Soccer is my favourite sport and our team won last year. So volunteering is good but students are busy. In conclusion that is my opinion about volunteering.

    Why is "Helping is important in life and in the world" weak support in the volunteer-hours essay?

    1. It contains a spelling mistake in its key word
    2. It is far too long to be a single sentence
    3. It is a general statement with no specific detail
    4. It argues against requiring volunteer hours

15. Every spring, maple syrup producers in Ontario, Quebec and other parts of eastern Canada watch the weather closely, because the sap of the sugar maple flows only under certain conditions. Sap moves best when nights fall below freezing and days warm up above freezing. During the cold nights, the tree draws water up from its roots; during the mild days, pressure inside the trunk pushes the sap out through any opening, including the small holes, called taps, that producers drill into the bark. This season usually lasts only four to six weeks, so producers call it the sugaring season and work long hours while it lasts. Fresh sap looks almost like water and tastes only slightly sweet, because it is mostly water with a small amount of sugar. To turn it into syrup, producers boil it in a wide, shallow pan called an evaporator until most of the water escapes as steam. The process takes a great deal of sap: about forty litres are needed to make just one litre of syrup. Many Indigenous peoples of the region were making maple sugar long before Europeans arrived, and they shared their knowledge with early settlers. Today, Canada produces most of the world's maple syrup, and Quebec alone produces the largest share.

    What is the main idea of the paragraph about how maple syrup is made?

    1. Sugar maples need very cold winters in order to grow tall
    2. Indigenous peoples shared their knowledge of maple sugar with settlers
    3. Making maple syrup depends on spring weather and long boiling
    4. Quebec produces the largest share of the world's maple syrup

16. Prompt: Should students be required to complete volunteer hours to graduate? I think volunteering is good and also maybe not. Volunteering is a thing lots of people do. My neighbour volunteers and she likes it. Volunteering can be good because it is good to help. People should help other people. Helping is important in life and in the world. But sometimes students are busy. They have homework and things. Also some people like soccer. Soccer is my favourite sport and our team won last year. So volunteering is good but students are busy. In conclusion that is my opinion about volunteering.

    Which sentence in the weak volunteer-hours essay is off topic?

    1. But sometimes students are busy with homework and things.
    2. Soccer is my favourite sport and our team won last year.
    3. People should help other people when they are able to.
    4. Volunteering is a thing that lots of people do every year.

17. MAYA: Theo, close the door. Nana's birthday is in two weeks, and we still don't have a plan. THEO: I have a plan. We rent the community hall, invite everyone she knows and hire a DJ. Eighty is a big deal. MAYA: Everyone she knows? That's half of Port Alder. THEO: Exactly. Go big or go home. MAYA: Remember her seventy-fifth? Uncle Dev threw that loud party at the restaurant, and she left early with a headache. She told me later she hardly talked to anyone. THEO: Oh. I forgot about that. I thought she was just tired. MAYA: She said the best part of the whole day was the quiet drive home. THEO: Okay, so no DJ. But it still has to feel special. What does she actually love? MAYA: Her garden. Her old photo albums. Pancakes. And she always says she misses the Sunday breakfasts we used to have before everyone got so busy. THEO: Wait. What if we do a Sunday breakfast? Just family, at her house. We could make her blueberry pancakes, and I could scan the old photos and make a slideshow on her TV. MAYA: Theo, that's actually perfect. You're really good with the scanner. THEO: Don't sound so surprised. MAYA: Sorry! But how do we get into her house without her knowing? THEO: Mom has a key. Mom could take her to the garden centre at nine, and we set everything up while they're gone. MAYA: And when she walks back in, the whole family is sitting at the table. I can already picture her face. THEO: Just promise me one thing. MAYA: What? THEO: Don't tell Uncle Dev until the night before. He can't keep a secret for five minutes. MAYA: (laughing) Deal. You'd better start on those photos tonight. THEO: I'll get the albums from the basement right after dinner.

    What is Theo most likely to do first to prepare for Nana's surprise breakfast?

    1. Find the old photo albums to scan
    2. Buy blueberries at the garden centre
    3. Tell Uncle Dev about the breakfast plan
    4. Book the community hall for a party

18. Which sentence is spelled correctly?

    1. The libary received a separate shippment of new books.
    2. The library received a seperate shipment of new bokes.
    3. The library recieved a seperate shipment of new books.
    4. The library received a separate shipment of new books.

19. Which word correctly completes the sentence? "Mr. Diaz asked ___ of us had finished the reading."

    1. which
    2. wich
    3. whose
    4. witch

20. A writer's paragraph jumps between three unrelated ideas. Which revision would best improve its organization?

    1. Keep one main idea and move the others to new paragraphs
    2. Repeat the opening sentence at the very end
    3. Replace short words with longer, rarer ones
    4. Add more exclamation marks to the strongest idea

21. When Mei's mother got a new job at the hospital in Sudbury, Mei was halfway through Grade 9. She had lived in the same Toronto apartment her whole life. She knew which bus driver waved at kids, which corner store sold the best dumplings and which friends would save her a seat at lunch. Now all of that fit into fourteen cardboard boxes. The first week at her new school felt like being underwater. Sounds reached her slowly, and she could not find the surface. She ate lunch in the library and spent the evenings texting her friends back home. They sent photos of things she was missing: a birthday party, a snowy soccer game in the park, a new bubble tea shop. Each photo made her feel farther away. On Saturday, a girl from the house next door knocked, holding two pairs of skates. "I'm Ruby," she said. "My dad floods the backyard every winter. Want to try it?" Mei almost said no. She had skated only once, on a school trip, and had spent most of that afternoon holding on to the boards. But her mother gave her a look that said, "Go," so she pulled on her coat. The backyard rink was small and bumpy, with a string of lights hanging from the fence. Mei fell four times in the first ten minutes. The fifth time, she landed so hard that she slid right into a snowbank, and instead of feeling embarrassed, she started to laugh. Ruby laughed too, and then Ruby's little brother came outside and laughed loudest of all. By the end of the afternoon, Mei could glide from one end of the rink to the other without grabbing anything. Ruby's dad brought out mugs of hot chocolate, and they sat on the back steps while the sky turned orange behind the trees. That night, Mei still texted her Toronto friends. But this time she sent a photo of her own: a crooked rink, a string of lights and two pairs of skates by the door. Under it she typed, "Guess what I learned today." Sudbury did not feel like home yet. But for the first time, it felt like a place where home might grow.

    Why did the photos from Mei's friends in Toronto make her "feel farther away"?

    1. They arrived too late for her to reply quickly
    2. They showed her friends were upset with her
    3. They showed fun she was no longer part of
    4. They reminded her how cold Sudbury was

22. Volunteers Pull 300 Kilograms of Litter From Cedar Hollow Creek CEDAR HOLLOW — More than 80 volunteers waded into Cedar Hollow Creek on Sunday morning and removed about 300 kilograms of litter from a two-kilometre stretch of the stream. The Cedar Hollow Naturalists Club organized the cleanup to protect the brook trout that lay their eggs in the creek each fall. Volunteers wore rubber boots and gloves and worked in teams of four. Their haul included plastic bottles, a shopping cart, three bicycle tires and a rusty mailbox. "Every piece of garbage we pull out is one less thing in the way of the fish," said club president Helen Tremblay. "Brook trout need clean, cold water and loose gravel to lay their eggs." The creek has been cleaned every spring since 2019. Tremblay said the amount of litter has dropped each year, from about 500 kilograms in the first year to this year's total. She believes new signs along the trail and extra garbage cans near the bridge have made a difference. Grade 9 student Omar Haddad, 14, joined the cleanup to earn volunteer hours, but he said he plans to come back next year anyway. "I didn't expect it to be fun," he said. "Finding the mailbox was the best part of my weekend." Not everyone thinks the cleanup is enough. Brian Kowalski, who lives beside the creek, said the town should also stop salt from roads draining into the water in winter. "Picking up bottles is great, but the salt is the bigger problem," he said. The town's environment committee will discuss road salt at its meeting on May 8. All the garbage collected on Sunday was sorted, and about one-third of it was recycled. The club will hold its next cleanup on the Ashby River in September.

    Why does the reporter place the sentence about the May 8 environment committee meeting right after Kowalski's comments on road salt?

    1. It tells readers when his concern will be discussed
    2. It proves that the town has already banned road salt
    3. It explains why the club cleaned the creek on a Sunday
    4. It shows the spring cleanup will be cancelled next year

23. Many teenagers feel tired in the morning, and the reason is not always that they stay up late on purpose. During the teen years, the body's internal clock shifts, so many teens do not feel sleepy until later at night than they did as children. Canadian guidelines recommend that young people aged 14 to 17 get eight to ten hours of uninterrupted sleep each night, yet many get much less on school nights. Sleep is not wasted time. While a person sleeps, the brain sorts and stores what was learned during the day, and the body repairs muscles and other tissues. A teen who regularly misses sleep may find it harder to concentrate, remember information and manage feelings such as frustration. Screens can make the problem worse. The bright light from phones and tablets can signal to the brain that it is still daytime, which delays the release of melatonin, a hormone that helps the body prepare for sleep. Experts suggest a few simple habits: going to bed and waking up at about the same time every day, putting devices away an hour before bed, and keeping the bedroom cool, dark and quiet. These changes may seem small, but together they can help a tired student feel more alert in class and more energetic after school.

    Based on the paragraph about teen sleep, what can be concluded about a student who scrolls on a phone in bed until midnight?

    1. The student will remember more of the day's lessons
    2. The student's body will release melatonin earlier
    3. The student may fall asleep later and be less alert in class
    4. The student will need less sleep than most other teens

24. COACH DELANEY: Priya, do you have a minute? You got off the bus before I could talk to you. PRIYA: I didn't really want to talk. I finished forty-second out of fifty. That's embarrassing. COACH DELANEY: Forty-second at regionals, in your first season, on the hilliest course in the league. PRIYA: Last month I was eighteenth. I'm getting worse, not better. Maybe I should just quit and join the art club. At least I'm good at drawing. COACH DELANEY: You could do both, you know. But first, tell me what happened at the two-kilometre mark. PRIYA: I went out way too fast. I wanted to keep up with Hannah. By the big hill, my legs felt like cement. COACH DELANEY: So the problem wasn't your fitness. It was your pacing. That's one of the easiest things in running to fix. PRIYA: Really? It felt like the hardest. COACH DELANEY: Every runner I've ever coached has made that mistake at least once. I made it myself in university, in front of my whole family. PRIYA: You did? COACH DELANEY: I finished second-last. My mother still brings it up at Thanksgiving dinner. PRIYA: (smiling) Okay, that makes me feel a little better. COACH DELANEY: Here's my offer. At Thursday's practice, run with a watch. I'll give you a target time for each kilometre, and you're not allowed to go faster than it, even if you feel great. PRIYA: Not allowed to go faster? That sounds backwards. COACH DELANEY: Try it once. If it doesn't help, we'll talk about the art club then. Deal? PRIYA: Deal. Can I borrow one of the team watches? Mine is broken. COACH DELANEY: I'll leave one in your locker before Thursday.

    What is the tone of Priya's reply 'Not allowed to go faster? That sounds backwards' in the cross-country dialogue?

    1. Sad and hopeless
    2. Angry and rude
    3. Doubtful but curious
    4. Proud and very boastful

25. LUCIA: Good morning, welcome to Spoke and Pedal. How can I help? MR. BOATENG: I bought this bike here on Saturday, and the back brake already squeals every time I stop. I'm leaving on a three-day cycling trip on Friday. I can't ride it like this. LUCIA: I'm sorry about that. Let me take a look. Okay, I see the problem. The brake pads are a little crooked, so they're rubbing at an angle. MR. BOATENG: So it was put together badly. I paid $900 for this bike. LUCIA: That's a fair question. New brake pads often need a small adjustment after the first few rides, while everything settles. It's covered by your free tune-up, so there's no charge. MR. BOATENG: How long will it take? I can't leave it here for a week. LUCIA: About fifteen minutes. You're welcome to wait, or you can grab a coffee next door. MR. BOATENG: I'll wait. Fifteen minutes is better than I expected. LUCIA: While I'm at it, I'll check the tire pressure and oil the chain. Since you're going on a long trip, do you have a repair kit? MR. BOATENG: A repair kit? I hadn't even thought about that. LUCIA: A spare tube and a small pump can save your whole day if you get a flat tire. When I'm done, I'll show you how to use them. It only takes a minute to learn. MR. BOATENG: That would be great. And I'm sorry I came in so grumpy. I was worried my trip was ruined. LUCIA: No problem at all. Let's make sure it isn't. MR. BOATENG: You know what? I'll take the spare tube and the pump. And maybe one of those bells, too.

    What does the end of the bike shop conversation suggest about how Mr. Boateng now sees Lucia?

    1. He feels she wasted his whole morning
    2. He has come to trust her advice
    3. He believes she is new at fixing bikes
    4. He thinks she is trying to trick him