When may a company intercept communications passing through its own computer system?
BC Private Investigator: Technology, countermeasures and safety
Technical surveillance countermeasures and the security consultant licence, interception and computer-system rules, wireless cameras and GPS, authenticating electronic files, insurance, and WorkSafeBC rules for lone and at-risk work.
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- Every answer explained
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- 12 questions
- Topic drill
Study reference: B.C. private investigator law and public guidance (Oct 2026), Ch. 11 Technology and safety — Security Services Act s. 1; B.C. Reg. 207/2008 ss. 2, 8; Criminal Code s. 184; Canada Evidence Act s. 31.1; WorkSafeBC OHS Regulation ss. 4.20.1–4.31
All 12 questions in this test
Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.
When may a company intercept communications passing through its own computer system?
- Whenever it wants to read its staff's private messages for any reason
- When reasonably necessary to manage or protect that system
- Whenever an employee leaves the company
- Whenever a PI asks it to for a file
Which subject is part of the PSKN course's Technological Aids module?
- Tracking technology and its legal limits
- Locksmithing and key cutting
- Firearms training for investigators who work on dangerous files
- Crowd control at concerts
Before sending a PI alone to a risky area, what must the employer do first?
- Ask the PI to sign a waiver of liability before every risky assignment
- Do nothing until an incident happens
- Tell the client the PI may quit
- Identify the hazards and eliminate or minimize the risk
What does technical surveillance countermeasures (TSCM) work involve?
- Recovering deleted files from phones
- Installing hidden cameras in clients' homes to watch their staff
- Detecting devices that intercept private communications
- Tracking vehicles with GPS units
A client asks a PI to install an app that secretly forwards a spouse's calls. What is the legal issue?
- Intercepting private communications without consent is a crime
- It is legal as long as the couple shares a single family phone plan
- It is legal if the client paid for the phone
- It is only a breach of the app's terms
Who is exempt from B.C. security licensing for computer-related work?
- People who recover deleted data from phones for private investigation files
- People who only advise on protecting electronic data
- People who track phones for clients
- People who sweep offices for bugs
An employer client wants a GPS tracker on a company vehicle an employee drives. What is needed?
- Nothing, since trackers are legal
- Permission from the employee's spouse or another family member
- Written permission from the company that owns it
- A court order in every case
A PI uses a wireless camera that transmits to another location. What should they consider?
- Whether the camera matches the decor
- Whether the client likes the brand
- Whether the signal is encrypted
- Whether the subject could see the camera's battery pack
A PI will serve documents on a person known to be violent. What must the employer tell the PI?
- Nothing, to protect the person's privacy
- Only the deadline for service
- Only the person's home address
- The nature of the risk and the person's history
Why must a PI firm carry general liability insurance in B.C.?
- The regulation requires at least $1,000,000
- Only if the firm owns a vehicle
- Only when it works outside B.C.
- Only to win larger clients who ask for proof of insurance
A PI often does surveillance alone. What must the employer have in place?
- A written procedure for well-being checks
- A rule that PIs must never work alone on any file
- A bonus for every night shift
- A daily report to the local police
Why should a PI keep records of how a digital photo was taken and stored?
- To raise the price of the report
- Because digital photos are not allowed as evidence in any B.C. court
- To satisfy a social media policy
- To help prove the file is authentic if used in court
Technology, countermeasures and safety: key rules to remember
Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗
Part IV Technological Aids (topics only)
- Covers the internet as a research tool, threats to digital information, cybercrime and computer forensics, video equipment, tracking technology and its legal limits, and technical surveillance countermeasures (TSCM).
TSCM and data advice
- Detecting devices that intercept, transmit or examine private communications or records (bug sweeping) is security consultant work, which needs a security consultant licence.
- People who only advise on protecting electronic data or database systems are exempt from licensing.
Devices and interception
- Using any device to knowingly intercept a private communication without a party's consent is an offence; a company may intercept on its own computer system only as reasonably necessary to manage or protect that system.
Wireless cameras and GPS (general practice)
- A wireless camera signal should be encrypted, because an unintended person could intercept it.
- GPS trackers only with the vehicle owner's permission.
Canada Evidence Act s. 31.1
- The party offering an electronic document (photo, video file, email) must prove its authenticity.
Safety on assignments
- Lone work needs hazard identification, a written check-in procedure with set intervals and an end-of-shift check, training and annual review.
- Where violence is a risk, employers assess it, set procedures and inform workers, including about people with a history of violence.
Insurance
- A security business licensee (including a PI firm) must carry general liability insurance of at least $1,000,000.
Study the Technology, countermeasures and safety rules as flashcards →
Other topics
- Who needs a B.C. PI licence and how to get oneThe Security Services Act definition of a private investigator, who is exempt (lawyers, journalists, insurance adjusters, pre-employment screening), the PI and PI-under-supervision licences, the PSKN Introduction to Private Investigation course and exam, the 2,000-hour and police-experience routes, and out-of-province investigators.
- Licence rules, conduct and PI businessesCarrying and showing your licence, 14-day reporting, no uniform and no badge, the banned words detective and police, the B.C. code of conduct, business licences, insurance and records, enforcement and penalties, and why bug sweeping needs a security consultant licence.
- Courts, burden of proof and testifyingThe levels of Canadian and B.C. courts, the Civil Resolution Tribunal and Small Claims Court limits, criminal and civil burdens of proof, subpoenas, oaths, direct and cross-examination, and what counts as a crime for licensing.
- Arrest, force and criminal harassmentWhy a PI has only a citizen's powers, arrest without warrant under section 494, delivery to police, use of force under sections 25 to 27, 34 and 35, Charter rights, and how surveillance can cross into criminal harassment under section 264.
- B.C. PIPA: consent, investigations and public sourcesHow B.C.'s Personal Information Protection Act applies to PI firms: consent and deceptive practices, the investigation exception, prescribed publicly available sources, access requests, safeguards and retention, and restricted records.
- Privacy Act, recording and surveillance limitsB.C.'s statutory tort of violation of privacy, its exceptions, eavesdropping and surveillance, use of a name or portrait, one-party consent to record under Criminal Code section 184, filming from public places, GPS trackers and criminal harassment.
- Human rights, the Charter and young personsB.C. Human Rights Code grounds in services and employment, the code of conduct's equality duty, the Charter, the Youth Criminal Justice Act's age definitions and declaration of principle, the publication ban, and interviewing people under 18.
- Mandate, surveillance and undercover workSetting a justifiable mandate, preparing for surveillance, standard equipment, obeying traffic law, detecting counter-surveillance, solo and team methods, subjects with lawyers, and the rules of undercover operations.
- Interviews, statements and reportsPreparing and conducting interviews, recording only with a party's consent, the parts of a written witness statement, corrections and initials, voluntariness, objective reports, correcting notes, and using notes in court.
- Evidence handling and information sourcesThe six steps for containing evidence, chain of custody, protecting original video, business and electronic records under the Canada Evidence Act, and lawful research sources such as directories, registries, PPSR and court files.