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Québec Values Test overview

Québec Values Test: Rule of law and institutions

The rule of law, the legislative, executive and judicial powers, the Lieutenant Governor, the Conseil des ministres, Québec's courts, ministries, agencies and officers of the National Assembly.

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Rule of law and institutions · Question 1Score 0/0

What is the role of the Lieutenant Governor in the Parliament of Québec?

Study reference: MIFI Practical Guide on democratic and Québec values (2024), Ch. 3 Rule of law and institutions — Key 2: Québec is a democratic society (how democratic institutions work)

All 14 questions in this test

Every question and its answer choices. The correct answers and explanations appear when you take the test above.

  1. What is the role of the Lieutenant Governor in the Parliament of Québec?

    1. Ruling on challenges to election results
    2. Giving assent to bills that have been passed
    3. Naming any Premier they like without an election
    4. Chairing every sitting of the National Assembly

  2. A rich and famous person commits an offence in Québec. How does the law apply to them?

    1. Only if they are a Canadian citizen
    2. More flexibly, depending on social status
    3. The same way it applies to everyone
    4. Only after a minister agrees

  3. Which of these is a Québec government agency rather than a ministry?

    1. The Office québécois de la langue française
    2. The Ministère de l'Éducation
    3. The Ministère de la Justice
    4. The Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux

  4. What is the group formed by Québec's Premier and ministers called?

    1. The municipal council of Québec City
    2. The federal Parliament in Ottawa
    3. The Conseil des ministres (Cabinet)
    4. The Québec human rights commission

  5. What are the three fundamental powers exercised by Québec's democratic institutions?

    1. Legislative, military and religious
    2. Municipal, federal and Indigenous
    3. Legislative, executive and judicial
    4. Executive, administrative and electoral

  6. Which of these is part of Québec's judicial system?

    1. The Superior Court
    2. The National Assembly
    3. The Conseil des ministres
    4. Revenu Québec

  7. What is the role of the courts, which exercise judicial power?

    1. Running provincial elections
    2. Choosing the government's ministers
    3. Interpreting the law and enforcing it
    4. Passing Québec's new laws

  8. Which of these people is designated by the National Assembly to hold a public office?

    1. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
    2. The Mayor of Montréal
    3. The Minister of Justice
    4. The Québec Ombudsman (Protecteur du citoyen)

  9. A temporary worker who is not a Canadian citizen lives in Québec. Must she obey Québec laws?

    1. No, she follows her home country's laws first
    2. Yes, but only after she becomes a permanent resident
    3. Yes, everyone in Québec must obey them
    4. No, only Canadian citizens are bound by them

  10. What is one role of the public administration (ministries and agencies)?

    1. Choosing the parties' candidates for elections
    2. Applying the laws and serving the public
    3. Passing laws in place of the National Assembly members
    4. Settling disputes between citizens and private firms

  11. What does the principle of the rule of law mean?

    1. Laws apply only to Canadian citizens
    2. Every person, like the State, must obey the law
    3. The government may ignore a law in an emergency
    4. Elected officials follow different laws than the public

  12. Who exercises executive power in Québec?

    1. The government: the Premier and the ministers
    2. The official opposition: members outside government
    3. The courts: the judges of every court in Québec
    4. The municipalities: the mayors and councillors

  13. In Québec, when can a person be found guilty of an offence?

    1. When a minister signs an order to that effect
    2. When a court finds they broke a rule of law
    3. When neighbours or an employer accuse them publicly
    4. As soon as the police suspect them of an offence

  14. Which institution exercises legislative power, meaning it passes Québec's laws?

    1. The Parliament of Québec
    2. The Office québécois de la langue française
    3. The Conseil des ministres alone
    4. The Québec Court of Appeal

Rule of law and institutions: key rules to remember

Our summary of what the official handbook says on this topic, in our own words. Read it before or after the practice questions above, then check the original chapter. Read the official chapter ↗

Key 2: The rule of law

  • Québec's democratic institutions developed in part to protect Québec's distinct, French-speaking character.
  • Rule of law: every person, like the State and its agents, must respect the law.
  • The law applies to everyone in the same way; no one is above the law.
  • Everyone present in Québec, citizen or not, must know and respect the rights and obligations in its laws.
  • All people are equal in worth and dignity and have equal protection of the law.
  • A person can be found guilty of an offence only if they broke a rule of law and a court has found them guilty.

Key 2: Institutions and their powers

  • Three powers: legislative, executive and judicial.
  • Legislative power: the Parliament of Québec, which passes laws; it is made up of the members of the National Assembly and the Lieutenant Governor.
  • The Lieutenant Governor does not sit in the Assembly but gives assent to bills that have been passed.
  • Executive power: the government (Premier and ministers, who are also members), forming the Conseil des ministres and setting the main directions.
  • Judicial power: the courts, which interpret and enforce the law (e.g. Court of Québec, Superior Court, Québec Court of Appeal).

Key 2: The public administration

  • The public administration (ministries and agencies) helps the government manage the State, applies the laws and serves the public.
  • Ministries are led by ministers (e.g. Immigration, Francisation and Integration; Education; Health and Social Services; Justice).
  • Government agencies are led by people the government appoints and have a specific mission (e.g. Revenu Québec; the CNESST; the Office québécois de la langue française).
  • Some people designated by the National Assembly hold public office, such as the Chief Electoral Officer and the Québec Ombudsman (Protecteur du citoyen).

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